Adeeb M. Alhomoud^*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.27, No.1, pp. 69-88, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.014773

Abstract This research article provides an up-to-date review of spatial-domain steganography. Maintaining the communication as secure as possible when transmitting secret data through any available communication channels is the target of steganography. Currently, image steganography is the most developed field, with several techniques are provided for different image formats. Therefore, the general image steganography including the fundamental concepts, the terminology, and the applications are highlighted in this paper. Further, the paper depicts the essential characteristics between information hiding and cryptography systems. In addition, recent well-known techniques in the spatial-domain steganography, such as LSB and pixel value differencing, are discussed in detail… More >

Ji-Hwei Horng¹, Juan Lin^2,*, Yanjun Liu³, Chin-Chen Chang^3,4,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.125, No.2, pp. 879-906, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.09355

Abstract By embedding secret data into cover images, image steganography can produce non-discriminable stego-images. The turtle shell model for data hiding is an excellent method that uses a reference matrix to make a good balance between image quality and embedding capacity. However, increasing the embedding capacity by extending the area of basic structures of the turtle shell model usually leads to severe degradation of image quality. In this research, we innovatively extend the basic structure of the turtle shell model into a three-dimensional (3D) space. Some intrinsic properties of the original turtle shell model are well preserved in the 3D version.… More >

Yan Wang^*, Zhangjie Fu, Xingming Sun

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.2, No.3, pp. 115-121, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2020.012275

Abstract Nowadays, with the popularization of network technology, more and more people are concerned about the problem of cyber security. Steganography, a technique dedicated to protecting peoples’ private data, has become a hot topic in the research field. However, there are still some problems in the current research. For example, the visual quality of dense images generated by some steganographic algorithms is not good enough; the security of the steganographic algorithm is not high enough, which makes it easy to be attacked by others. In this paper, we propose a novel high visual quality image steganographic neural network based on encoder-decoder… More >

Xintao Duan^{1, *}, Daidou Guo¹, Chuan Qin²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.124, No.2, pp. 721-745, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.09463

Abstract Image steganography is a technique that hides secret information into the cover image to protect information security. The current image steganography is mainly to embed a smaller secret image in an area such as a texture of a larger-sized cover image, which will cause the size of the secret image to be much smaller than the cover image. Therefore, the problem of small steganographic capacity needs to be solved urgently. This paper proposes a steganography framework that combines image compression. In this framework, the Vector Quantized Variational AutoEncoder (VQ-VAE) is used to achieve the compression of the secret image. The… More >

Yuanjing Luo¹, Jiaohua Qin^{1, *}, Xuyu Xiang¹, Yun Tan¹, Zhibin He¹, Neal N. Xiong²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.2, pp. 1281-1295, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010867

Abstract To resist the risk of the stego-image being maliciously altered during transmission, we propose a coverless image steganography method based on image segmentation. Most existing coverless steganography methods are based on whole feature mapping, which has poor robustness when facing geometric attacks, because the contents in the image are easy to lost. To solve this problem, we use ResNet to extract semantic features, and segment the object areas from the image through Mask RCNN for information hiding. These selected object areas have ethical structural integrity and are not located in the visual center of the image, reducing the information loss… More >

Shahid Rahman¹, Fahad Masood², Wajid Ullah Khan², Niamat Ullah¹, Fazal Qudus Khan³, Georgios Tsaramirsis³, Sadeeq Jan^{4, *}, Majid Ashraf⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.1, pp. 31-61, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.09186

Abstract Steganography aims to hide the messages from unauthorized persons for various purposes, e.g., military correspondence, financial transaction data. Securing the data during transmission is of utmost importance these days. The confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the data are at risk because of the emerging technologies and complexity in software applications, and therefore, there is a need to secure such systems and data. There are various methodologies to deal with security issues when utilizing an open system like the Internet. This research proposes a new technique in steganography within RGB shading space to achieve enhanced security compared with existing systems. We… More >

Jiaxin Wang^1,*, Mengxin Cheng¹, Peng Wu¹, Beijing Chen^1,2

Journal of Information Hiding and Privacy Protection, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 87-93, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jihpp.2019.07189

Abstract Internet brings us not only the convenience of communication but also some security risks, such as intercepting information and stealing information. Therefore, some important information needs to be hidden during communication. Steganography is the most common information hiding technology. This paper provides a literature review on digital image steganography. The existing steganography algorithms are classified into traditional algorithms and deep learning-based algorithms. Moreover, their advantages and weaknesses are pointed out. Finally, further research directions are discussed. More >

Anqi Qiu^1,2, Xianyi Chen^1,2, Xingming Sun^1,2,*, Shuai Wang³, Guo Wei⁴

Journal of Information Hiding and Privacy Protection, Vol.1, No.2, pp. 49-60, 2019, DOI:10.32604/jihpp.2019.05881

Abstract A new information hiding technology named coverless information hiding is proposed. It uses original natural images as stego images to represent secret information. The focus of coverless image steganography method is how to represent image features and establish a map relationship between image feature and the secret information. In this paper, we use three kinds of features which are Local Binary Pattern (LBP), the mean value of pixels and the variance value of pixels. On this basis, we realize the transmission of secret information. Firstly, the hash sequence of the original cover image is obtained according to the description of… More >

Lina Shi¹, Zichi Wang¹, Zhenxing Qian^1,*, Nannan Huang¹, Pauline Puteaux², Xinpeng Zhang¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.59, No.3, pp. 943-953, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05768

Abstract Nowadays, emoji image is widely used in social networks. To achieve covert communication in emoji images, this paper proposes a distortion function for emoji images steganography. The profile of image content, the intra- and inter-frame correlation are taken into account in the proposed distortion function to fit the unique properties of emoji image. The three parts are combined together to measure the risks of detection due to the modification on the cover data. With the popular syndrome trellis coding (STC), the distortion of stego emoji image is minimized using the proposed distortion function. As a result, less detectable artifacts could… More >

Yue Zhang¹, Dengpan Ye², Junjun Gan¹, Zhenyu Li³, Qingfeng Cheng^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.56, No.1, pp. 151-167, 2018, DOI: 10.3970/cmc.2018.02464

Abstract In view of the fact that the current adaptive steganography algorithms are difficult to resist scaling attacks and that a method resisting scaling attack is only for the nearest neighbor interpolation method, this paper proposes an image steganography algorithm based on quantization index modulation resisting both scaling attacks and statistical detection. For the spatial image, this paper uses the watermarking algorithm based on quantization index modulation to extract the embedded domain. Then construct the embedding distortion function of the new embedded domain based on S-UNIWARD steganography, and use the minimum distortion coding to realize the embedding of the secret messages.… More >