Sewwandi Tennakoon¹, Eric Danso¹, Zhenjie Zhao^2,*

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.7, pp. 517-547, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jai.2025.072628 - 01 December 2025

Abstract Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) systems have achieved remarkable capabilities across text, code, and image generation; however, their outputs remain prone to errors, hallucinations, and biases. Users often overtrust these outputs due to limited transparency, which can lead to misuse and decision errors. This study addresses the challenge of calibrating trust in GenAI through a human centered testing framework enhanced with adaptive explainability. We introduce a methodology that adjusts explanations dynamically according to user expertise, model output confidence, and contextual risk factors, providing guidance that is informative but not overwhelming. The framework was evaluated using outputs… More >

Chaonan Xin^*, Keqing Xu

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.7, pp. 483-503, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2025.071627 - 28 November 2025

Abstract Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) have achieved high accuracy on benchmark datasets, yet models often fail to generalize across different network environments. In this paper, we propose Transformer-IDS, a transformer-based network intrusion detection model designed for cross-dataset generalization. The model incorporates a classification token, multi-head self-attention, and embedding layers to learn versatile features, and it introduces a calibration module and an AUC-oriented optimization objective to improve reliability and ranking performance. We evaluate Transformer-IDS on three prominent datasets (NSL-KDD, UNSW-NB15, CIC-IDS2017) in both within-dataset and cross-dataset scenarios. Results demonstrate that while conventional deep IDS models (e.g., CNN-LSTM More >

Bo Yang^1,2, Yu Zhou³, Jiawei Tian^4,*, Xiang Zhang², Fupei Guo², Shan Liu^5,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.2, pp. 2253-2276, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.072031 - 26 November 2025

Abstract Accurate calibration of surgical instruments and ultrasound probes is essential for achieving high precision in image guided minimally invasive procedures. However, existing methods typically treat the calibration of the needle tip and the ultrasound probe as two independent processes, lacking an integrated calibration mechanism, which often leads to cumulative errors and reduced spatial consistency. To address this challenge, we propose a joint calibration model that unifies the calibration of the surgical needle tip and the ultrasound probe within a single coordinate system. The method formulates the calibration process through a series of mathematical models and… More >

Zhiguang Zhang, Caisheng Wei, Guanhua Huang, Zeyang Yin^*

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.33, No.3, pp. 1-1, 2025, DOI:10.32604/icces.2025.010967

Abstract An optimal predictive control method for spacecraft rendezvous based on Koopman operator is proposed for the the libration point rendezvous problem of Earth-moon system. Firstly, the relative motion dynamics model between the chaser and the target spacecraft in the Earth-moon system is established. Secondly, considering the influence of nonlinearity on spacecraft rendezvous control, a global linearization method of nonlinear rendezvous system driven by Koopman operator is proposed. In this method, the Koopman linearization operator is approximated by the extended dynamic mode decomposition (EDMD) method on the finite dimension. Subsequently, based on the linearization model of… More >

Yang Liu¹, Lifu Ding^2,*, Zhenfan Yu¹, Tannan Xiao², Qiuyu Lu¹, Ying Chen², Weihua Wang¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.11, pp. 4365-4384, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.068712 - 27 October 2025

Abstract Wake effects in large-scale wind farms significantly reduce energy capture efficiency. Active Wake Control (AWC), particularly through intentional yaw misalignment of upstream turbines, has emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate these losses by redirecting wakes away from downstream turbines. However, the effectiveness of yaw-based AWC is highly dependent on the accuracy of the underlying wake prediction models, which often require site-specific adjustments to reflect local atmospheric conditions and turbine characteristics. This paper presents an integrated, data-driven framework to maximize wind farm power output. The methodology consists of three key stages. First, a practical simulation-assisted… More >

Mianyue Yang^1,*, Huasheng Sun¹, Weigao Sheng²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 2749-2761, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068009 - 23 September 2025

Abstract The shear pin of the friction pendulum bearing (FPB) can be made of 40Cr steel. In conceptual design, the optimal cut-off point of the shear pin is predetermined, guiding the design of bridges isolated by FPBs to maximize their isolation performance. Current researches on the shear pins are mainly based on linear elastic models, neglecting their plasticity, damage, and fracture mechanical properties. To accurately predict its cutoff behavior, the elastic-plastic degradation model of 40Cr steel is indeed calibrated. For this purpose, the Ramberg-Osgood model, the Bao-Wierzbicki damage initiation criterion, and the linear damage evolution criterion… More >

Xiuchuan Cheng¹, Meiling Wu¹, Xu Feng¹, Zhiguo Wang², Guisong Liu², Ye Li^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 3527-3549, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067264 - 23 September 2025

Abstract The requirement for precise detection and recognition of target pedestrians in unprocessed real-world imagery drives the formulation of person search as an integrated technological framework that unifies pedestrian detection and person re-identification (Re-ID). However, the inherent discrepancy between the optimization objectives of coarse-grained localization in pedestrian detection and fine-grained discriminative learning in Re-ID, combined with the substantial performance degradation of Re-ID during joint training caused by the Faster R-CNN-based branch, collectively constitutes a critical bottleneck for person search. In this work, we propose a cascaded person search model (SeqXt) based on SeqNet and ConvNeXt that… More >

Shuxun Li^1,2, Yuhao Tian^1,2,*, Guolong Deng^1,2, Wei Li^1,2, Yinggang Hu^1,2, Xiaoya Wen^1,2

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.8, pp. 1809-1837, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.065877 - 12 September 2025

Abstract The conventional Shear Stress Transport (SST) k–ω turbulence model often exhibits substantial inaccuracies when applied to the prediction of flow behavior in complex regions within axial flow control valves. To enhance its predictive fidelity for internal flow fields, this study introduces a novel calibration framework that integrates an artificial neural network (ANN) surrogate model with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. In particular, an optimal Latin hypercube sampling strategy was employed to generate representative sample points across the empirical parameter space. For each sample, numerical simulations using ANSYS Fluent were conducted to evaluate the flow characteristics,… More >

Baojun Qin^1,2, Hong Jiang^1,2,3, Wei Zhang⁴, Xiang Liu^4,*

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.5, pp. 1203-1220, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2025.063813 - 05 September 2025

Abstract The utilization of high-strength steel bars (HSSB) within concrete structures demonstrates significant advantages in material conservation and mechanical performance enhancement. Nevertheless, existing design codes exhibit limitations in addressing the distinct statistical characteristics of HSSB, particularly regarding strength design parameters. For instance, GB50010-2010 fails to specify design strength values for reinforcement exceeding 600 MPa, creating technical barriers for advancing HSSB implementation. This study systematically investigates the reliability of eccentric compression concrete columns reinforced with 600 MPa-grade HSSB through high-order moment method analysis. Material partial factors were calibrated against target reliability indices prescribed by GB50068-2018, incorporating critical More >

Denis Polezhaev^*, Alexey Vjatkin, Victor Kozlov

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.5, pp. 1051-1061, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.062000 - 30 May 2025

Abstract The dynamics of fluid and non-buoyant particles in a librating horizontal annulus is studied experimentally. In the absence of librations, the granular material forms a cylindrical layer near the outer boundary of the annulus and undergoes rigid-body rotation with the fluid and the annulus. It is demonstrated that the librational liquefaction of the granular material results in pattern formation. This self-organization process stems from the excitation of inertial modes induced by the oscillatory motion of liquefied granular material under the influence of the gravitational force. The inertial wave induces vortical fluid flow which entrains particles More > Graphic Abstract