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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Energy Efficient Clustering Protocol to Enhance Network Lifetime in Wireless Sensor Networks

    S. Nanthini1,*, S. Nithya Kalyani2, Sudhakar Sengan3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.3, pp. 3595-3614, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015038

    Abstract In this paper, the energy conservation in the ununiform clustered network field is proposed. The fundamental reason behind the methodology is that in the process of CH election, nodes Competition Radius (CR) task is based on not just the space between nodes and their Residual Energy (RE), which is utilized in Energy-Aware Distributed Unequal Clustering (EADUC) protocol but also a third-degree factor, i.e., the nearby multi-hop node count. In contrast, a third-factor nearby nodes count is also used. This surrounding data is taken into account in the clustering feature to increase the network’s life span. More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    ECO-BAT: A New Routing Protocol for Energy Consumption Optimization Based on BAT Algorithm in WSN

    Mohammed Kaddi1,*, Abdallah Banana2, Mohammed Omari1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.2, pp. 1497-1510, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012116

    Abstract Wireless sensor network (WSN) has been widely used due to its vast range of applications. The energy problem is one of the important problems influencing the complete application. Sensor nodes use very small batteries as a power source and replacing them is not an easy task. With this restriction, the sensor nodes must conserve their energy and extend the network lifetime as long as possible. Also, these limits motivate much of the research to suggest solutions in all layers of the protocol stack to save energy. So, energy management efficiency becomes a key requirement in… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Adjust Duty Cycle Method for Optimized Congestion Avoidance and Reducing Delay for WSNs

    Ting Xu1, Ming Zhao1, Xin Yao1, *, Kun He2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.65, No.2, pp. 1605-1624, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.011458

    Abstract With the expansion of the application range and network scale of wireless sensor networks in recent years, WSNs often generate data surges and delay queues during the transmission process, causing network paralysis, even resulting in local or global congestion. In this paper, a dynamically Adjusted Duty Cycle for Optimized Congestion based on a real-time Queue Length (ADCOC) scheme is proposed. In order to improve the resource utilization rate of network nodes, we carried out optimization analysis based on the theory and applied it to the adjustment of the node’s duty cycle strategy. Using this strategy… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Energy Based Dynamic AODV Routing Protocol in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

    Wuyungerile Li1, *, Baoyintu1, Bing Jia1, Junxiu Wang1, Takashi Watanabe2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.63, No.1, pp. 353-368, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.06210

    Abstract In recent years, with the rapid development of the Internet and wireless communication technology, wireless Ad hoc networks have received more attention. Due to the limited transmission range and energy of nodes in Ad hoc networks, it is important to establish a reliable and energy-balanced transmission path in Ad hoc networks. This paper proposes an energy-based dynamic routing protocol based on the existing AODV routing protocol, which has the following two aspects of improvement: (1) In the route discovery process, a node selects a suitable route from the minimum energy consumption route and the energy-balanced More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    STUDY ON THE LIFETIME OF CATALYST IN CATALYTIC COMBUSTION FURNACE OF NATURAL GAS AND APPLICATIONS OF HEATING POTTERY

    Shihong Zhang* , Hui Yang

    Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.12, pp. 1-5, 2019, DOI:10.5098/hmt.12.6

    Abstract This article discussed the lifetime of catalyst on cost effect for catalytic combustion furnace and applications of pottery heated by catalytic combustion furnace in purification water. The time of start-up process rises with the increase of the number of ignition. The catalyst sintering was remarkable. By reducing the number of ignition and adjusting the temperature rise uniformly in the furnace, the efficient utilization of thermal energy could be realized to saving production cost and extending the lifetime of catalyst. With exquisite and even-textured surface the pottery had striking purification effect on water. The water purification More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    REVIEW OF VARIOUS THIN HEAT SPREADER VAPOR CHAMBER DESIGNS, PERFORMANCE, LIFETIME RELIABILITY AND APPLICATION

    Masataka Mochizukia,*,†, Thang Nguyenb

    Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.13, pp. 1-6, 2019, DOI:10.5098/hmt.13.12

    Abstract The cooling device for computers and electronics is getting smaller and thinner year after year, especially for the mobile handheld device such as smartphone which is the most popular gadget and widely use nowadays. It seems that in the current trend every 6-12 months a new model of smartphone is introduced and it was packed with faster processing processor, memories, and graphics, higher density battery, higher resolution for camera and video and so on. The drawback is the device getting hotter due to the increase of heat dissipation caused by faster computing. The traditional method… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    TSLBS: A Time-Sensitive and Load Balanced Scheduling Approach to Wireless Sensor Actor Networks

    Morteza Okhovvat, Mohammad Reza Kangavari*

    Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.34, No.1, pp. 13-21, 2019, DOI:10.32604/csse.2019.34.013

    Abstract Existing works on scheduling in Wireless Sensor Actor Networks (WSANs) are mostly concerned with energy savings and ignore time constraints and thus increase the make-span of the network. Moreover, these algorithms usually do not consider balance of workloads on the actor nodes and hence, sometimes some of the actors are busy when some others are idle. These problem causes the actors are not utilized properly and the actors’ lifetime is reduced. In this paper we take both time awareness and balance of workloads on the actor in WSANs into account and propose a convex optimization… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Mathematical Task Dispatching Model in Wireless Sensor Actor Networks

    Morteza Okhovvat, Mohammad Reza Kangavari*

    Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.34, No.1, pp. 5-12, 2019, DOI:10.32604/csse.2019.34.005

    Abstract In this paper, we propose a mathematical task dispatching model to reduce the total tasks completion time, i.e. make-span, in Wireless Sensor Actor Networks (WSANs). The proposed approach minimizes the completion time of tasks that have been allocated to actors but have not yet been dispatched to actors for execution in the networks. We calculate the best rate of dispatching of tasks by the network sink to allocated actors through a steady state analysis of our proposed model to solve equations and inequalities. It is shown that this dispatching rate improves the network lifetime too. More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    An Energy-Efficient Protocol Using an Objective Function & Random Search with Jumps for WSN

    Mohammed Kaddi1,3,*, Khelifa Benahmed2, Mohammed Omari3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.58, No.3, pp. 603-624, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05341

    Abstract Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have hardware and software limitations and are deployed in hostile environments. The problem of energy consumption in WSNs has become a very important axis of research. To obtain good performance in terms of the network lifetime, several routing protocols have been proposed in the literature. Hierarchical routing is considered to be the most favorable approach in terms of energy efficiency. It is based on the concept parent-child hierarchy where the child nodes forward their messages to their parent, and then the parent node forwards them, directly or via other parent nodes,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    On the Behavior of an Interface under Molecular Diffusion: A Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Study

    R. Abdeljabar1

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.5, No.2, pp. 193-210, 2009, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2009.005.193

    Abstract A theoretical model has been developed to predict the expansion of a salty gradient (i.e. the interface) layer under natural diffusion. The salty gradient layer is initially sandwiched between two homogeneous miscible layers of varying salinity, which may or may not have the same thickness. The model describes the concentration profile of the salty gradient layer (expressed by analytical solutions of the diffusion equation) as the boundaries of this interfacial layer move into the adjacent (hitherto homogeneous) regions. The lifetime of the adjacent layers is also predicted. An experimental study for a configuration with salty More >

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