Borui Yang¹, Jun Luo², Bo Wan^1,*, Yutai Su^1,3, Guicui Fu¹, Xu Long^3,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.130, No.2, pp. 1113-1134, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.018037

Abstract A thermal fatigue lifetime prediction model of ceramic ball grid array (CBGA) packages is proposed based on the Darveaux model. A finite element model of the CBGA packages is established, and the Anand model is used to describe the viscoplasticity of the CBGA solder. The average viscoplastic strain energy density increment ΔWave of the CBGA packages is obtained using a finite element simulation, and the influence of different structural parameters on the ΔWave is analyzed. A simplified analytical model of the ΔWave is established using the simulation data. The thermal fatigue lifetime of CBGA packages is obtained from a thermal… More >

Adel Rajab^*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.32, No.3, pp. 1743-1761, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.021922

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSN) deploy many nodes over an extended area for traffic surveillance, environmental monitoring, healthcare, tracking wildlife, and military sensing. Nodes of the WSN have a limited amount of energy. Each sensor node collects information from the surrounding area and forwards it onto the cluster head, which then sends it on to the base station (BS). WSNs extend the lifetime of the network through clustering techniques. Choosing nodes with the greatest residual energy as cluster heads is based on the idea that energy consumption is periodically distributed between nodes. The sink node gathers information from its environment that… More >

P. Hemalatha^1,*, K. Dhanalakshmi²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.32, No.2, pp. 811-825, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.020973

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) develop IoT (Internet of Things) that carry out an important part and include low-cost intelligent devices to gather information. However, these modern accessories have limitations concerning calculation, time taken for processing, storage capacity, and vitality sources. In addition to such restrictions, the foremost primary challenge for sensor networks is achieving reliable data transfer with the secured transmission in a hostile ambience containing vulnerable nodes. The proposed work initially analyses the relation between deployment configuration, lifetime of the deployed network, and transmission delay with this motivation. Besides, it also introduces a new cellular automata-based scheme for improving… More >

J. V. Anchitaalagammai^1,*, Rajesh Verma², M. Kavitha³, A. R. Revathi⁴, S. R. Preethi⁵, Kiranmai Bellam⁶

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.41, No.3, pp. 861-874, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.021049

Abstract Energy management and packet delivery rate are the important factors in ad hoc networks. It is the major network where nodes share the information without administration. Due to the mobility of nodes, maximum energy is spent on transmission of packets. Mostly energy is wasted on packet dropping and false route discovery. In this research work, Fuzzy Based Reliable Load Balanced Routing Approach (RLRA) is proposed to provide high energy efficiency and more network lifetime using optimal multicast route discovery mechanism. It contains three phases. In first phase, optimal multicast route discovery is initiated to resolve the link failures. In second… More >

M.S. Maharajan^1,*, T. Abirami²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.41, No.3, pp. 1173-1189, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.020312

Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have become a hot research area owing to the unique characteristics and applicability in diverse application areas. Clustering and routing techniques can be considered as an NP hard optimization problem, which can be addressed by metaheuristic optimization algorithms. With this motivation, this study presents a chaotic sandpiper optimization algorithm based clustering with groundwater flow optimization based routing technique (CSPOC-GFLR). The goal of the CSOC-GFLR technique is to cluster the sensor nodes in WSN and elect an optimal set of routes with an intention of achieving energy efficiency and maximizing network lifetime. The CSPOC algorithm is derived… More >

Khaled M. Fouad¹ , Basma M. Hassan^2,*, Omar M. Salim³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 4965-4985, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020926

Abstract

Energy conservation is a crucial issue to extend the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) where the battery capacity and energy sources are very restricted. Intelligent energy-saving techniques can help designers overcome this issue by reducing the number of selected sensors that report environmental measurements by eliminating all replicated and unrelated features. This paper suggests a Hybrid Sensor Selection (HSS) technique that combines filter-wrapper method to acquire a rich-informational subset of sensors in a reasonable time. HSS aims to increase the lifetime of WSNs by using the optimal number of sensors. At the same time, HSS maintains the desired level… More >

Raniyah Wazirali¹, Rami Ahmad^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 4922-4946, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020044

Abstract Energy and security remain the main two challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Therefore, protecting these WSN networks from Denial of Service (DoS) and Distributed DoS (DDoS) is one of the WSN networks security tasks. Traditional packet deep scan systems that rely on open field inspection in transport layer security packets and the open field encryption trend are making machine learning-based systems the only viable choice for these types of attacks. This paper contributes to the evaluation of the use machine learning algorithms in WSN nodes traffic and their effect on WSN network life time. We examined the performance metrics… More >

J. V. Anchitaalagammai^1,*, K. Muthumayil², D. Kamalraj Subramaniam³, Rajesh Verma⁴, P. Muralikrishnan⁵, G. Visalaxi⁶

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.31, No.3, pp. 1783-1792, 2022, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2022.020967

Abstract Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSNs), especially energy resources, are scarce. Since sensor nodes are usually very dense, and the data sampled by the sensor nodes have high redundancy, data aggregation saves energy, reduces the number of transmissions, and eliminates redundancy. Many applications can be used in IIWSNs, and a new technique is introduced to detect multiple sensors embedded in different sensor nodes. Packets created by different applications have different properties. Sensors are resource-constrained devices because it is necessary to find effective reaction analysis methods and transfer sensed data to base stations. Since sensors are resource-constrained devices, efficient topologies require data… More >

Wejdan Wasel Aljaghthami^*, Mohammad Haseeb Zafar, Afraa Zuhair Attiah

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1111-1126, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019912

Abstract The accelerated development of wireless network technology has resulted in the emergence of Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN), which is a technology commonly used in the medical field. WBAN consists of tiny sensor nodes that interconnect with each other and set in the human body to collect and transmit the patient data to the physician, to monitor the patients remotely. These nodes typically have limited battery energy that led to a shortage of network lifetime. Therefore, energy efficiency is considered one of the most demanding challenges in routing design for WBAN. Many proposed routing mechanisms in WBAN did not cover… More >

P. Baskaran^1,*, K. Karuppasamy²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1975-1992, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019342

Abstract In a wireless sensor network (WSN), data gathering is more effectually done with the clustering process. Clustering is a critical strategy for improving energy efficiency and extending the longevity of a network. Hierarchical modeling-based clustering is proposed to enhance energy efficiency where nodes that hold higher residual energy may be clustered to collect data and broadcast it to the base station. Moreover, existing approaches may not consider data redundancy while collecting data from adjacent nodes or overlapping nodes. Here, an improved clustering approach is anticipated to attain energy efficiency by implementing MapReduction for regulating mapping and reducing complexity in routing… More >