Yue Yang^1,2, Xiangyan Tang^2,3,*, Zhaowu Liu^2,3,*, Jieren Cheng^2,3, Haozhe Fang³, Cunyi Zhang³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.3, pp. 4389-4408, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.060357 - 06 March 2025

Abstract With the rapid development of Internet of Things technology, the sharp increase in network devices and their inherent security vulnerabilities present a stark contrast, bringing unprecedented challenges to the field of network security, especially in identifying malicious attacks. However, due to the uneven distribution of network traffic data, particularly the imbalance between attack traffic and normal traffic, as well as the imbalance between minority class attacks and majority class attacks, traditional machine learning detection algorithms have significant limitations when dealing with sparse network traffic data. To effectively tackle this challenge, we have designed a lightweight… More >

Jizhao Liu, Minghao Guo^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.82, No.1, pp. 817-842, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.057660 - 03 January 2025

Abstract The increasing popularity of the Internet and the widespread use of information technology have led to a rise in the number and sophistication of network attacks and security threats. Intrusion detection systems are crucial to network security, playing a pivotal role in safeguarding networks from potential threats. However, in the context of an evolving landscape of sophisticated and elusive attacks, existing intrusion detection methodologies often overlook critical aspects such as changes in network topology over time and interactions between hosts. To address these issues, this paper proposes a real-time network intrusion detection method based on… More >

Zhenxiang He^*, Xunxi Wang, Chunwei Li

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.78, No.1, pp. 845-871, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.046607 - 30 January 2024

Abstract In the fast-evolving landscape of digital networks, the incidence of network intrusions has escalated alarmingly. Simultaneously, the crucial role of time series data in intrusion detection remains largely underappreciated, with most systems failing to capture the time-bound nuances of network traffic. This leads to compromised detection accuracy and overlooked temporal patterns. Addressing this gap, we introduce a novel SSAE-TCN-BiLSTM (STL) model that integrates time series analysis, significantly enhancing detection capabilities. Our approach reduces feature dimensionality with a Stacked Sparse Autoencoder (SSAE) and extracts temporally relevant features through a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) and Bidirectional Long… More >

Lelisa Adeba Jilcha¹, Deuk-Hun Kim², Julian Jang-Jaccard³, Jin Kwak^4,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.3, pp. 3261-3284, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.037615 - 03 April 2023

Abstract Contemporary attackers, mainly motivated by financial gain, consistently devise sophisticated penetration techniques to access important information or data. The growing use of Internet of Things (IoT) technology in the contemporary convergence environment to connect to corporate networks and cloud-based applications only worsens this situation, as it facilitates multiple new attack vectors to emerge effortlessly. As such, existing intrusion detection systems suffer from performance degradation mainly because of insufficient considerations and poorly modeled detection systems. To address this problem, we designed a blended threat detection approach, considering the possible impact and dimensionality of new attack surfaces… More >

Fahad Mazaed Alotaibi^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.2, pp. 2479-2490, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033792 - 31 March 2023

Abstract With the progress of advanced technology in the industrial revolution encompassing the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing, cyberattacks have been increasing rapidly on a large scale. The rapid expansion of IoT and networks in many forms generates massive volumes of data, which are vulnerable to security risks. As a result, cyberattacks have become a prevalent and danger to society, including its infrastructures, economy, and citizens’ privacy, and pose a national security risk worldwide. Therefore, cyber security has become an increasingly important issue across all levels and sectors. Continuous progress is being made in More >

Reem Alkanhel¹, El-Sayed M. El-kenawy², Abdelaziz A. Abdelhamid^3,4, Abdelhameed Ibrahim⁵, Manal Abdullah Alohali⁶, Mostafa Abotaleb⁷, Doaa Sami Khafaga^8,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.2, pp. 2677-2693, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033273 - 31 October 2022

Abstract Applications of internet-of-things (IoT) are increasingly being used in many facets of our daily life, which results in an enormous volume of data. Cloud computing and fog computing, two of the most common technologies used in IoT applications, have led to major security concerns. Cyberattacks are on the rise as a result of the usage of these technologies since present security measures are insufficient. Several artificial intelligence (AI) based security solutions, such as intrusion detection systems (IDS), have been proposed in recent years. Intelligent technologies that require data preprocessing and machine learning algorithm-performance augmentation require… More >

Reem Alkanhel^1,*, Doaa Sami Khafaga², El-Sayed M. El-kenawy³, Abdelaziz A. Abdelhamid^4,5, Abdelhameed Ibrahim⁶, Rashid Amin⁷, Mostafa Abotaleb⁸, B. M. El-den⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.2, pp. 2695-2709, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.033153 - 31 October 2022

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is a modern approach that enables connection with a wide variety of devices remotely. Due to the resource constraints and open nature of IoT nodes, the routing protocol for low power and lossy (RPL) networks may be vulnerable to several routing attacks. That’s why a network intrusion detection system (NIDS) is needed to guard against routing assaults on RPL-based IoT networks. The imbalance between the false and valid attacks in the training set degrades the performance of machine learning employed to detect network attacks. Therefore, we propose in this paper… More >

S. Vanitha^1,*, P. Balasubramanie²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.1, pp. 849-864, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.032324 - 29 September 2022

Abstract Internet of things (IOT) possess cultural, commercial and social effect in life in the future. The nodes which are participating in IOT network are basically attracted by the cyber-attack targets. Attack and identification of anomalies in IoT infrastructure is a growing problem in the IoT domain. Machine Learning Based Ensemble Intrusion Detection (MLEID) method is applied in order to resolve the drawback by minimizing malicious actions in related botnet attacks on Message Queue Telemetry Transport (MQTT) and Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) protocols. The proposed work has two significant contributions which are a selection of features… More >

P. Sherubha^1,*, S. P. Sasirekha², A. Dinesh Kumar Anguraj³, J. Vakula Rani⁴, Raju Anitha³, S. Phani Praveen^5,6, R. Hariharan Krishnan^5,6

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.1, pp. 149-166, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.024424 - 16 August 2022

Abstract The Cloud system shows its growing functionalities in various industrial applications. The safety towards data transfer seems to be a threat where Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is measured as an essential element to fulfill security. Recently, Machine Learning (ML) approaches have been used for the construction of intellectual IDS. Most IDS are based on ML techniques either as unsupervised or supervised. In supervised learning, NIDS is based on labeled data where it reduces the efficiency of the reduced model to identify attack patterns. Similarly, the unsupervised model fails to provide a satisfactory outcome. Hence,… More >

Murtaza Ahmed Siddiqi, Wooguil Pak^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.2, pp. 3921-3949, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.029541 - 16 June 2022

Abstract The network infrastructure has evolved rapidly due to the ever-increasing volume of users and data. The massive number of online devices and users has forced the network to transform and facilitate the operational necessities of consumers. Among these necessities, network security is of prime significance. Network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) are among the most suitable approaches to detect anomalies and assaults on a network. However, keeping up with the network security requirements is quite challenging due to the constant mutation in attack patterns by the intruders. This paper presents an effective and prevalent framework for More >