Chenglong Zhong¹, Xianfeng Hou^1,*, Shuai Peng¹, Zhenzhong Gao¹, Qiaofang Zhou¹, Shijing Yan²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.2, pp. 297-310, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.049534 - 20 February 2025

Abstract The main raw material utilized in wood adhesives comes from petrochemical extractives. However, due to the excessive dependence on petrochemical resources and the adverse impact on the ecosystem and human well-being, there is an increasing trend to develop byproduct protein-based adhesives in the current global food safety context. In this research, flaxseed meal was subjected to pretreatment, and trimethylolpropane triglycidyl ether (TTE) and ethylenediamine (EN) were utilized as crosslinkers to establish a more compact adhesive layer and to prevent water intrusion. The pretreatment decreased the FM/UB viscosity by 60% compared to FM. The combination… More > Graphic Abstract

Rūdolfs Bērziņš^*, Aigars Pāže, Guntis Sosins, Daniela Godiņa, Laima Vēvere, Jānis Rižikovs

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.12, pp. 2095-2113, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.056769 - 20 December 2024

Abstract Birch outer bark (BOB) from Betula pendula Roth. is a unique and valuable biomass feedstock that contains suberin. The biopolyester suberin is built from bifunctional fatty acids-suberinic acids (SA)-which can be obtained through a depolymerization process in an alkaline medium and used as a binder due to their adhesive properties. The aim of this study was to develop the SA-containing binder and identify suitable pressing conditions to produce plywood that meets the shear strength requirements of the EN 314-2 standard 3rd moisture resistance class for bonding quality, ensuring durability in unprotected exterior conditions (shear strength ≥… More > Graphic Abstract

Jajang Sutiawan¹, Alifah Syahfitri², Sukma Surya Kusumah¹, Dede Hermawan^2,*, Rita Kartika Sari², Luthfi Hakim³, Efri Mardawati^4,5, Muhammad Adly Rahandi Lubis^1,4,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.8, pp. 1383-1397, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.052052 - 06 September 2024

Abstract Molasses can serve as a natural adhesive for plywood and particleboard. However, several disadvantages remain, including lower dimensional stability and low bonding strength compared to other adhesives. Therefore, modifications are needed to use molasses as an adhesive for plywood. This research aims to improve bio-based molasses (MO) adhesive for plywood using citric acid (CA) adhesive. In addition, this research aims to analyze the effect of adding citric acid and to investigate the optimum hot-pressing temperature to produce the best quality plywood. In the first stage, the molasses and citric acid were combined in a ratio… More > Graphic Abstract

Guobing Xiong¹, Lu Hong², Zehui Ju³, Xiaoning Lu^3,*, Juwan Jin^3,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.9, pp. 3447-3461, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.027430 - 20 July 2023

Abstract The study characterized the curing behaviors of phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin under different vacuum degrees and explored the properties of 9-ply plywood panels hot-pressed under both vacuum and atmospheric conditions. The changes in core temperature and moisture content of the plywood mats during hot pressing were investigated as well. It was found that the gel times and gel temperatures of PF resin decreased with the increase of vacuum degree using a self-made device. FTIR spectra indicated the degree of polycondensation of hydroxymethyl gradually increased with the increase in temperature. It was also observed that a… More >

Wen Gu^#, Xinyue Ding^#, Min Tang^*, Feiyan Gong^*, Shuangshuang Yuan, Jintao Duan

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.8, pp. 3245-3259, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.027461 - 26 June 2023

Abstract Biomass adhesive is conducive to decreasing the dependence of the wood adhesive industry on synthetic resin based on fossil resources and improving the market competitiveness of adhesives. It is also a critical breakthrough to realize the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality in the wood industry. In this study, a full biomass wood adhesive composed of tannin and sucrose was developed and applied successfully to the preparation of plywood. The preparation technique of plywood was optimized, and the chemical structure, curing performance, crystallization property and thermal performance of the adhesive were investigated. Results showed… More >

Xingyu Liang¹, Xiaoyu Gu¹, Myint Myint Paing Hsu², Yuhang He¹, Rongzhuo Zhang¹, Conghui Cai³, Zheng Wang^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2333-2344, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.026137 - 13 February 2023

Abstract In order to improve the fire resistance, water resistance and wear resistance of ordinary plywood products in the wood processing industry, three composite structures of plywood products S1, S2 and S3 were designed in this paper, and a reasonable production process was proposed. Through the physical and mechanical properties and fire resistance testing and technical and economic analysis, the applicability of composite plywood was evaluated. The results of the study showed that the physical mechanics of the three kinds of composite structure plywood met the standard requirements, and their fire resistance was far better than… More >

Qianyu Zhang^1,2, Antonio Pizzi³, Hong Lei^1,2,*, Xuedong Xi^1,2,*, Ming Cao^1,2, Long Cao^1,2

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.3, pp. 1439-1450, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.023535 - 31 October 2022

Abstract Soy protein adhesives are currently a hot research topic in the wood panels industry for the abundant raw material reserves, reasonable price and outstanding environmental features. But their poor water resistance, low bonding strength and intolerance to mold are major drawbacks, so that proper modification before use is essential. Glutaraldehyde is one of the more apt cross-linking agents for soybean protein adhesives, which can effectively improve the bonding strength and water resistance of the adhesive. Equally, glutaraldehyde is also an efficient and broad-spectrum fungicide that can significantly improve the anti-fungal properties of a soy protein… More > Graphic Abstract

Ting Wang¹, Zhiqiang Wang^1,*, Yin Yang¹, Jianhui Zhou^2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.2, pp. 527-540, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.017955 - 30 August 2021

Abstract The acoustic emission (AE) technique can perform non-destructive monitoring of the internal damage development of bamboo and wood materials. In this experiment, the mechanical properties of different bamboo and wood (bamboo scrimber, bamboo plywood and SPF (Spruce-pine-fir) dimension lumber) during four-point loading tests were compared. The AE activities caused by loadings were investigated through the single parameter analysis and K-means cluster analysis. Results showed that the bending strength of bamboo scrimber was 3.6 times that of bamboo plywood and 2.7 times that of SPF dimension lumber, respectively. Due to the high strength and toughness of… More > Graphic Abstract

Hamed Younesi-Kordkheili^1,*, Antonio Pizzi²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.2, pp. 237-246, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.017851 - 30 August 2021

Abstract The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of ionic liquid treated lignin-based polyacid as a catalyst for urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins. Esterification of lignin was carried out, without any catalyst, with anhydride maleic and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hydrogen sulfate [Bmim][HSO₄] as acidic ionic liquid to form maleated lignin-based polyacids (MA-IL). The performance of MA-IL as UF resin catalyst was respectively compared to hyroxymethylated lignin-based polyacid (MA-HL) and to NH₄Cl. The FTIR analysis indicated that the proportion of -COOH and C-O bonds increased due to the esterification of lignin with ionic liquid rather than its hyroxymethylation. Physicochemical… More >

Liping Yu¹, Zhongyou Luo¹, Lifen Li¹, Xuedong Xi^2,3, Zhigang Wu^1,2,*, Bengang Zhang^4,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.12, pp. 2143-2157, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.016092 - 22 June 2021

Abstract A flame retardant composition was prepared by using phosphoguanidine, guanidine sulfamate, disodium octaborate tetrahydrate and dodecyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. Veneers were immersed in such flame retardant mixture to prepare plywood. The combustion characteristics and thermal stability of plywood were assessed using a cone calorimeter and TG. Results showed that: (1) High concentration and loading of flame retardant were beneficial for the fire resistance of the plywood. (2) The limiting oxygen index (LOI) and residual mass of plywood processed using the flame retardant was increased by 87.52% and 58.66% compared to those of the untreated… More >