Haijun Geng^1,2,*, Han Zhang³, Yangyang Zhang⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.2, pp. 1733-1744, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.013355

Abstract With an increasing urgent demand for fast recovery routing mechanisms in large-scale networks, minimizing network disruption caused by network failure has become critical. However, a large number of relevant studies have shown that network failures occur on the Internet inevitably and frequently. The current routing protocols deployed on the Internet adopt the reconvergence mechanism to cope with network failures. During the reconvergence process, the packets may be lost because of inconsistent routing information, which reduces the network’s availability greatly and affects the Internet service provider’s (ISP’s) service quality and reputation seriously. Therefore, improving network availability has become an urgent problem.… More >

Fengxiang Zhang^∗

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.34, No.4, pp. 171-178, 2019, DOI:10.32604/csse.2019.34.171

Abstract This paper addresses a number of mathematical issues related to multiprocessor global EDF platforms. We present a deadline-d all busy period and backward interference which are important concepts for multiprocessor EDF systems, and some general schedulability conditions for any studied job are proposed. We formally prove that at most m-1 different tasks’ jobs could contribute their execution time to an interval starting with a P_busy−d, and we propose an approach for computing an exact upper bound of the total deadline-d task load in a given interval. Therefore, the proposed results are important foundations for constructing exact schedulability analyses of global… More >

Qiming Zou¹, Ling Wang^{1, *}, Jie Liu¹, Yingtao Jiang²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.26, No.3, pp. 631-639, 2020, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2020.012549

Abstract The real-time requirements imposed on a feedback control system are often hard to be met, as the controller spends a disproportionately large amount of time waiting for a control cycle to reach its final state. When such a final state is established, multiple tasks have to be prioritized and launched altogether simultaneously, and the system is given an extremely short time window to generate its output. This huge gap between the wait and action times, perceived as a load unbalancing problem, hinders a control decision to be made in real time. To address this challenging problem, in this paper, we… More >

Vidblain Amaro-Ortega^1,∗, Arnoldo Díaz-Ramírez², Brenda Leticia Flores-Ríos¹, Félix Fernando González-Navarro¹, Frank Werner³, Larysa Burtseva¹

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 31-40, 2018, DOI:10.32604/csse.2018.33.031

Abstract The Linux operating system has been employed to execute numerous real-time applications. However, it is limited to support soft real-time systems by two scheduling policies: First-In-First-Out and Round Robin. For real-time systems with critical constraints, the soft real-time support and these scheduling policies are still insufficient. In this work, the Earliest Deadline First scheduling policy, which has been shown in theory to be an optimal one in uniprocessor systems, is introduced as an extension of the Linux kernel. This policy is implemented into the real-time class, without the necessity of defining an additional class. The Linux kernel affords capabilities of… More >

Chenglong Li¹, Peipeng Liu¹, Hewei Yu^{1, *}, Mengmeng Ge², Xiangzhan Yu², Yi Xin², Yuhang Wang³, Dongyu Zhang⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.65, No.2, pp. 1739-1752, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.09019

Abstract The rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT) technology has made previously unavailable data available, and applications can take advantage of device data for people to visualize, explore, and build complex analyses. As the size of the network and the number of network users continue to increase, network requests tend to aggregate on a small number of network resources, which results in uneven load on network requests. Real-time, highly reliable network file distribution technology is of great importance in the Internet of Things. This paper studies real-time and highly reliable file distribution technology for large-scale networks. In response to this… More >

Hong-Sen Yan^1,2, Jiao-Jun Zhang^1,2, Qi-Ming Sun^1,2

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.25, No.3, pp. 487-507, 2019, DOI:10.31209/2018.100000037

Abstract MTN optimal control scheme of SISO nonlinear time-varying discrete-time systems based on multi-dimensional Taylor network (MTN) is proposed to achieve the real-time output tracking control for a given reference signal. Firstly, an ideal output signal is selected and Pontryagin minimum principle adopted to obtain the numerical solution of the optimal control law for the system relative to the ideal output signal, with the corresponding optimal output termed as desired output signal. Then, MTN optimal controller (MTNC) is generated automatically to fit the optimal control law, and the conjugate gradient (CG) method is employed to train the weight parameters of MTNC… More >

Jiping Liu^a,b, Xiaochen Kang^a,*, Chun Dong^a, Fuhao Zhang^a

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.25, No.1, pp. 65-77, 2019, DOI:10.31209/2018.100000013

Abstract To guarantee both the efficiency and accuracy of the transportation system, the real-time status should be analyzed to provide a reasonable plan for the near future. This paper proposes a model for simulating the real-world transportation networks by representing the irregular road networks with static and dynamic attributes, and the vehicles as moving agents constrained by the road networks. The all pairs shortest paths (APSP) for the networks are calculated in a real-time manner, and the ever-changing paths can be used for navigating the moving vehicles with real-time positioning devices. In addition, parallel computation is used to accelerate the shortest… More >

Awais Qasim^a, Syed Asad Raza Kazmi^b

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.25, No.1, pp. 49-63, 2019, DOI:10.31209/2018.100000012

Abstract The paradigm of multi-agent systems is very expressive to model distributed real-time systems. These real-time multi-agent systems by their working nature have temporal constraints as they need to operate in pervasive, dynamic and unpredictable environments. To achieve better fault-tolerance, they need to have the ability of self-adaptivity making them adaptable to the failures. Presently there is a lack of vocabulary for the formal modelling of real-time multi-agent systems with self-adaptive ability. In this research we proposed a framework named SMARTS for the formal modelling of self-adaptive real-time multi-agent systems. Our framework integrates MAPE-K interfaces, reflection perspective and unification with distribution… More >

Lu Zhu, Qiuyue Ma, Shushun Li, Jing Wen, Kunyuan Yan, Qianzhong Li^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 385-403, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09259

Abstract Quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR) technology has been extensively used to estimate gene expression levels, and the selection of appropriate reference genes for qRT-PCR analysis is critically important for obtaining authentic normalized data. Acer palmatum is an important colorful leaf ornamental tree species, and reference genes suitable for normalization of the qRT-PCR data obtained from this species have not been investigated. In this study, the expression stability of ten candidate reference genes, namely, Actin3, Actin6, Actin9, EF1α, PP2A, SAMDC, TIP41, TUBα, TUBβ and UBQ10, in two distinct tissues (leaves and roots) of A. palmatum under four different abiotic stress… More >

Gang Li¹, Yao Zhou², Yaqi Zhao², Yaxue Liu², Yuwei Ke², Xiaoqing Jin¹, Haoli Ma^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.2, pp. 329-344, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08874

Abstract Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) is widely used for investigating gene expression patterns and has many advantages, including its high sensitivity, fidelity, and specificity. Selecting a satisfactory internal reference gene is crucial for obtaining precise gene expression results in qRT-PCR analyses. In this study, the transcriptomic data of 2 potato varieties were screened for housekeeping genes with stable expression patterns. A total of 77 putative genes were selected, which were highly and stably expressed. Then, qRT-PCR analyses were performed to examine the expression levels of these 77 candidate reference genes in various potato tissues, including leaves, flowers, stolons, and tubers. Gene… More >