Xinyue Dong¹, Wei Zhao¹, Jingying Wang^1,2,*, Shiyue Zhang¹, Yue Zhou³, Xinglian Yang¹, Chunhian Lee^1,3

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.22, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2026.076238 - 06 February 2026

Abstract For hypersonic air-breathing vehicles, the V-shaped leading edges (VSLEs) of supersonic combustion ramjet (scramjet) inlets experience complex shock interactions and intense aerodynamic loads. This paper provides a comprehensive review of flow characteristics at the crotch of VSLEs, with particular focus on the transition of shock interaction types and the variation of wall heat flux under different freestream Mach numbers and geometric configurations. The mechanisms governing shock transition, unsteady oscillations, hysteresis, and three-dimensional effects in VSLE flows are first examined. Subsequently, thermal protection strategies aimed at mitigating extreme heating loads are reviewed, emphasizing their relevance to More >

Yuxin Guo^1,2, Xinqiao Liu^3,*

International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, Vol.28, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ijmhp.2025.074063 - 28 January 2026

Abstract Background: Mental health concerns among doctoral students have become increasingly prominent, with consistently low levels of well-being making this issue a critical focus in higher education research. This study aims to synthesize existing evidence on the mental health and well-being of doctoral students and to identify key factors and intervention strategies reported in the literature. Methods: A systematic review was conducted to examine the determinants and interventions related to doctoral students’ mental health and well-being. Relevant studies were comprehensively searched in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and EBSCO, with the final search conducted on September 19,… More >

Naveed Ahmad¹, Muhammad Kaleem², Mourad Elloumi³, Muhammad Azhar Mushtaq², Ahlem Fatnassi⁴, Mohd Fazil⁵, Anas Bilal^6,*, Abdulbasit A. Darem^7,4

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.146, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.074902 - 29 January 2026

Abstract Network-on-Chip (NoC) systems are progressively deployed in connecting massively parallel megacore systems in the new computing architecture. As a result, application mapping has become an important aspect of performance and scalability, as current trends require the distribution of computation across network nodes/points. In this paper, we survey a large number of mapping and scheduling techniques designed for NoC architectures. This time, we concentrated on 3D systems. We take a systematic literature review approach to analyze existing methods across static, dynamic, hybrid, and machine-learning-based approaches, alongside preliminary AI-based dynamic models in recent works. We classify them… More >

Moein Tosan^1,*, Vahid Nourani^2,3, Ozgur Kisi^4,5,6, Yongqiang Zhang⁷, Sameh A. Kantoush⁸, Mekonnen Gebremichael⁹, Ruhollah Taghizadeh-Mehrjardi¹⁰, Jinhui Jeanne Huang¹¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.146, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.074768 - 29 January 2026

Abstract The integration of machine learning (ML) into geohazard assessment has successfully instigated a paradigm shift, leading to the production of models that possess a level of predictive accuracy previously considered unattainable. However, the black-box nature of these systems presents a significant barrier, hindering their operational adoption, regulatory approval, and full scientific validation. This paper provides a systematic review and synthesis of the emerging field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) as applied to geohazard science (GeoXAI), a domain that aims to resolve the long-standing trade-off between model performance and interpretability. A rigorous synthesis of 87 foundational… More >

Jihoon Moon^*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.146, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.071052 - 29 January 2026

Abstract Predicting the behavior of renewable energy systems requires models capable of generating accurate forecasts from limited historical data, a challenge that becomes especially pronounced when commissioning new facilities where operational records are scarce. This review aims to synthesize recent progress in data-efficient deep learning approaches for addressing such “cold-start” forecasting problems. It primarily covers three interrelated domains—solar photovoltaic (PV), wind power, and electrical load forecasting—where data scarcity and operational variability are most critical, while also including representative studies on hydropower and carbon emission prediction to provide a broader systems perspective. To this end, we examined… More >

Hussain H. Al-Kayiem^1,*, Safaa M. Ali², Sundus S. Al-Azawiey³, Raed A. Jessam³

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.073303 - 27 January 2026

Abstract Gas Turbines are among the most important energy systems for aviation and thermal-based power generation. The performance of gas turbine intakes with S-shaped diffusers is vulnerable to flow separation, reversal flow, and pressure distortion, mainly in aggressive S-shaped diffusers. Several methods, including vortex generators and energy promoters, have been proposed and investigated both experimentally and numerically. This paper compiles a review of experimental investigations that have been performed and reported to mitigate flow separation and restore system performance. The operational principles, classifications, design geometries, and performance parameters of S-shaped diffusers are presented to facilitate the… More > Graphic Abstract

Raviduth Ramful^*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.14, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0116 - 23 January 2026

Abstract Typically used thermal insulation materials such as foam insulation and fibreglass may pose notable health risks and environmental impacts thereby resulting in respiratory irritation and waste disposal issues, respectively. While these materials are affordable and display good thermal insulation, their unsustainable traits pertaining to an intensive manufacturing process and poor disposability are major concerns. Alternative insulation materials with enhanced sustainable characteristics are therefore being explored, and one type of material which has gained notable attention owing to its low carbon footprint and low thermal conductivity is natural fibre. Among the few review studies conducted on… More > Graphic Abstract

Kwabena Owusu-Mensah^*, Edward Danso Ansong , Kofi Sarpong Adu-Manu, Winfred Yaokumah

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.8, pp. 33-92, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2026.074265 - 20 January 2026

Abstract The rapid growth of digital payment systems and remote financial services has led to a significant increase in Card-Not-Present (CNP) fraud, which is now the primary source of card-related losses worldwide. Traditional rule-based fraud detection methods are becoming insufficient due to several challenges, including data imbalance, concept drift, privacy concerns, and limited interpretability. In response to these issues, a systematic review of twenty-four CNP fraud detection frameworks developed between 2014 and 2025 was conducted. This review aimed to identify the technologies, strategies, and design considerations necessary for adaptive solutions that align with evolving regulatory standards.… More >

Harpreet Kaur^1,*, Dhrubalochan Rana², Sowvik Bag², Paramjeet Singh³

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.071209 - 19 January 2026

Abstract The prolonged and intricate history of oncological treatments has transitioned significantly since the introduction of chemotherapy. Substantial therapeutic benefits in cancer therapy have been achieved by the integration of conventional treatments with molecular biosciences and omics technologies. Human epidermal growth factor receptor, hormone receptors, and angiogenesis factors are among the established therapies in tumor reduction and managing side effects. Novel targeted therapies like KRAS G12C, Claudin-18 isoform 2 (CLDN18.2), Trophoblast cell-surface antigen 2 (TROP2), and epigenetic regulators emphasize their promise in advancing precision medicine. However, in many cases, the resistance mechanisms associated with these interventions… More > Graphic Abstract

Kamila Mozga¹, Olga Synowiecka¹, Igor Rydzyk¹, Anna Marek¹, Ewelina Wieczorek¹, Alicja Petniak^2,*, Paulina Gil-Kulik²

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.070505 - 19 January 2026

Abstract Objectives: Immunotherapy based on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become a key treatment for melanoma. However, the increasing number of cases of melanoma resistant to immunotherapy highlights the need to develop methods to overcome this resistance. This study aims to collect the most recent information on melanoma immunotherapy, discuss potential strategies to overcome resistance to immunotherapy, and identify areas that require further analysis. Methods: To achieve this goal, scientific publications from 2021–2024 available in PubMed and Google Scholar databases were analyzed. The databases were searched using the following terms: “melanoma”, “immunotherapy”, “Immune Checkpoint Blockade”, and More >