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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Modeling and Comprehensive Review of Signaling Storms in 3GPP-Based Mobile Broadband Networks: Causes, Solutions, and Countermeasures

    Muhammad Qasim Khan1, Fazal Malik1, Fahad Alturise2,*, Noor Rahman3

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.1, pp. 123-153, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.057272 - 17 December 2024

    Abstract Control signaling is mandatory for the operation and management of all types of communication networks, including the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) mobile broadband networks. However, they consume important and scarce network resources such as bandwidth and processing power. There have been several reports of these control signaling turning into signaling storms halting network operations and causing the respective Telecom companies big financial losses. This paper draws its motivation from such real network disaster incidents attributed to signaling storms. In this paper, we present a thorough survey of the causes, of the signaling storm problems More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Advancements in Liver Tumor Detection: A Comprehensive Review of Various Deep Learning Models

    Shanmugasundaram Hariharan1, D. Anandan2, Murugaperumal Krishnamoorthy3, Vinay Kukreja4, Nitin Goyal5, Shih-Yu Chen6,7,*

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.1, pp. 91-122, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.057214 - 17 December 2024

    Abstract Liver cancer remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide, and precise diagnostic tools are essential for effective treatment planning. Liver Tumors (LTs) vary significantly in size, shape, and location, and can present with tissues of similar intensities, making automatically segmenting and classifying LTs from abdominal tomography images crucial and challenging. This review examines recent advancements in Liver Segmentation (LS) and Tumor Segmentation (TS) algorithms, highlighting their strengths and limitations regarding precision, automation, and resilience. Performance metrics are utilized to assess key detection algorithms and analytical methods, emphasizing their effectiveness and relevance in clinical contexts. The More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Structural Modal Parameter Recognition and Related Damage Identification Methods under Environmental Excitations: A Review

    Chao Zhang1, Shang-Xi Lai1, Hua-Ping Wang1,2,*

    Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.1, pp. 25-54, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2024.053662 - 15 November 2024

    Abstract Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure. Therefore, it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters according to the monitoring data information in the structural health monitoring (SHM) system, so as to provide a scientific basis for structural damage identification and dynamic model modification. In view of this, this paper reviews methods for identifying structural modal parameters under environmental excitation and briefly describes how to identify structural damages based on the derived modal parameters. The paper primarily introduces data-driven modal parameter recognition methods… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Climate Change and Congenital Heart Disease: A Narrative Review

    Ethan Katznelson1, Matthew J. Navarro2, Su Yuan1, Dhurv S. Kazi3, Harsimran S. Singh1,*

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.6, pp. 627-634, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.062309 - 27 January 2025

    Abstract Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect and a leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality worldwide. While genetic factors play a significant role in its development, up to 30% of CHD is associated with modifiable risk factors and external maternal exposures. Climate change, driven by increased atmospheric pollutants from fossil fuel combustion, leads to rising global temperatures and worsening air quality, which pose emerging threats to maternal and fetal health. This review explores the mechanisms by which environmental factors associated with climate change, specifically extreme heat and air pollution, may influence… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Effects of Nanofertilizers on the Mechanism of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Plants: A Review

    Xinyi Liu1,4, Muhammed Nadeem1, Yukui Rui1,2,3,4,*

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3197-3216, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.059281 - 31 December 2024

    Abstract Compared with conventional fertilizers, nano fertilizer has many advantages such as controlled release, controlled or slow release of nutrients, high efficiency of nutrition use, cheap, and little polluting of the environment. The use of fertilizers with nanotechnology is a new field in agriculture, and it is a promising and cost-effective substitute for conventional fertilizers to improve the productivity of the world’s food supply. Photosynthesis is an essential biochemical reaction on Earth. Improving photosynthesis, the basic process for light’s transformation into chemical energy is one of the most important areas of research for improving agricultural output… More > Graphic Abstract

    Effects of Nanofertilizers on the Mechanism of Photosynthetic Efficiency in Plants: A Review

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Lignan Enhancement: An Updated Review on the Significance of Lignan and Its Improved Production in Crop Plants

    Ragini Singh1, Noushina Iqbal1,*, Shahid Umar1,*, Sayeed Ahmad2

    Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.12, pp. 3237-3271, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.057189 - 31 December 2024

    Abstract Lignans are a prominent group of phenolic compounds ubiquitously present in the plant kingdom, playing a critical role in both plant physiology and human health. Structurally they are characterized by the dimerization of two phenylpropane units to attain diverse chemical configurations that contribute to their wide range of biological activities. In plants, lignans function primarily as defense molecules, protecting against pathogens, herbivores, and environmental stressors. These compounds also participate in plant growth regulation and lignification processes. From a nutritional and medicinal perspective, lignans are valued for their significant health benefits. They act as phytoestrogens,… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Transcatheter Pulmonary Valve Implantation: A State of the Art Review

    Biagio Castaldi1,*, Francesco Prati1, Alice Pozza1,2, Irene Cattapan1,2, Jennifer Fumanelli1,2, Domenico Sirico1, Giovanni Di Salvo1

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.5, pp. 513-533, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.058053 - 31 December 2024

    Abstract Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects about 1% of live births. Among them, about 20% will undergo one or more surgical or percutaneous maneuvers on the right ventricle outflow tract or pulmonary valve. Transcatheter pulmonary valve implantation is a recently available less invasive alternative to surgery for treatment of right ventricular outflow tract dysfunction. Thus, residual dysfunction can be treated early and with a lower risk profile. This narrative review aimed to describe the state of the art of percutaneous pulmonary valve implantation. More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Unmet Needs in Pediatric and Congenital Heart Surgery: A Review

    Dominique Vervoort1,2,*, Mimi X. Deng2,3, Aliya Izumi4, Shelby Kutty5, Frank Edwin6,7

    Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.19, No.5, pp. 499-511, 2024, DOI:10.32604/chd.2024.057749 - 31 December 2024

    Abstract Pediatric and congenital heart disease (PCHD) affects millions of children worldwide, including over one million babies born with congenital heart disease (CHD) each year and 300,000 children dying from rheumatic heart disease (RHD) yearly. Although the vast majority of children born with CHD in high-income countries now reach adulthood and RHD is nearly eradicated in these countries, most of the world cannot access the necessary care to prevent or mitigate PCHD. In low- and middle-income countries, over 90% of children with PCHD cannot receive the care they need, as over 100 countries and territories… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    A Review of Piezoelectric Phenomena as a Key Characteristic of Wood

    Zeynep Eda Özan1,*, Gökhan Gündüz2, Deniz Aydemir1,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.12, pp. 1985-2016, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.056000 - 20 December 2024

    Abstract Piezoelectric materials convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, acting as renewable energy sources. As smart materials, they respond to environmental changes by altering their properties. When pressure is applied, their structure separates positive and negative charge centers, producing opposite charges on crystal surfaces. This generates an electric field and a measurable potential. Wood, a natural material, also exhibits piezoelectric behavior. The piezoelectric effect of wood was first discovered by Russian scientists in 1940–1950. Then, in 1955, Fukada analyzed both the direct and inverse piezoelectric effect of wood and scientifically proved that this natural material has… More > Graphic Abstract

    A Review of Piezoelectric Phenomena as a Key Characteristic of Wood

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    A Review on Coir Fibre, Coir Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites and Their Current Applications

    Chioma Ifeyinwa Madueke1,*, Okwunna Maryjane Ekechukwu2, Funsho Olaitan Kolawole3

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.12, pp. 2017-2047, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.055207 - 20 December 2024

    Abstract Coir fibre has generated much interest as an eco-friendly, sustainable fibre with low density. This review findings show that coir fibres are abundant, with an average global annual production of 1019.7 × 103 tonnes, with about 63% of this volume produced from India. Extraction of coir has been carried out through water retting. However, the retting period has been limited to 4–10 months. The lignin content of coir is more than 60% higher than that of other natural fibres; hence, coir could double as a source of lignin for other applications. The diameter of coir… More >

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