Mohammed Kaddi^1,*, Abdallah Banana², Mohammed Omari¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.66, No.2, pp. 1497-1510, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.012116

Abstract Wireless sensor network (WSN) has been widely used due to its vast range of applications. The energy problem is one of the important problems influencing the complete application. Sensor nodes use very small batteries as a power source and replacing them is not an easy task. With this restriction, the sensor nodes must conserve their energy and extend the network lifetime as long as possible. Also, these limits motivate much of the research to suggest solutions in all layers of the protocol stack to save energy. So, energy management efficiency becomes a key requirement in WSN design. The efficiency of… More >

Mohammad Behrouzian Nejad^∗

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.35, No.5, pp. 367-375, 2020, DOI:10.32604/csse.2020.35.367

Abstract Considering that routing algorithms for the Network on Chip (NoC) architecture is one of the key issues that determine its ultimate performance, several things have to be considered for developing new routing algorithms. This includes examining the strengths, capabilities, and weaknesses of the commonly proposed algorithms as a starting point for developing new ones.
Because most of the algorithms presented are based on the well-known algorithms that are studied and evaluated in this research. Finally, according to the results produced under different conditions, better decisions can be made when using the aforementioned algorithms as well as when presenting new routing… More >

Anar A. Hady^∗

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.35, No.5, pp. 347-355, 2020, DOI:10.32604/csse.2020.35.347

Abstract In this paper, a Duty Cycling Centralized Hierarchical Protocol (DCCHP) has been proposed for wireless sensor networks. DCCHP is an energy efficient protocol that prolongs the lifetime of the network by applying a duty cycling mechanism named DCM that chooses the nodes that send unimportant data in a certain epoch to be candidates to be put to sleep. But if the proposed equations for choosing the cluster head nodes put any of them in a high priority it works in the active mode. When comparing DCCHP to the previously proposed LEACH-CS, LEACH-C protocols, using a simulation study, DCCHP in average… More >

Yi-Chih Hsieh¹, Peng-Sheng You^2,*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.26, No.4, pp. 703-713, 2020, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2020.010104

Abstract In this study we present a generalized museum visitor routing problem considering the preferences and congestion of multiple groups with each group having its own must-see and select-see exhibition rooms based on their preferences in exhibits. The problem aims to minimize the makespan of all groups. An effective encoding scheme is proposed to simultaneously determine the scheduling of exhibition rooms for all groups and an immune-based algorithm (IBA) is developed. Numerical results, compared with those of a genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization, on a museum in Taiwan are reported and discussed to show the performance of the IBA. More >

Shuqiao Liu, Junliang Li, Xiaojie Li^*

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.2, No.4, pp. 135-144, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2020.09797

Abstract In the deep learning field, “Capsule” structure aims to overcome the shortcomings of traditional Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) which are difficult to mine the relationship between sibling features. Capsule Net (CapsNet) is a new type of classification network structure with “Capsule” as network elements. It uses the “Squashing” algorithm as an activation function and Dynamic Routing as a network optimization method to achieve better classification performance. The main problem of the Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Brain MRI) recognition algorithm is that the difference between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) image, the Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) image, and the normal image is not… More >

Hany Ramadan^1,∗, Ben Bella S. Tawfik², Alaa El Din M. Riad³

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.33, No.6, pp. 421-428, 2018, DOI:10.32604/csse.2018.33.421

Abstract Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) are wireless network without infrastructure and suffering from low power battery. Therefore the main objective in finding a route for traffic transfer from a given source to a given destination is to minimize the node energy consumption. This paper solves the problem of finding a route satisfying the main objective of minimum energy consumption and other QoS requirements such as minimum delay and maximum packet delivery ratio by using linear programming technique. Two cases are considered: 1. The traffic amount of a given request is transmitted into single path, and 2. The traffic amount of… More >

S. B. Manoojkumaar^{1, *}, C. Poongodi²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.65, No.2, pp. 1649-1670, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010781

Abstract Maximizing network lifetime is measured as the primary issue in Mobile Adhoc Networks (MANETs). In geographically routing based models, packet transmission seems to be more appropriate in dense circumstances. The involvement of the Heuristic model directly is not appropriate to offer an effectual solution as it becomes NP-hard issues; therefore investigators concentrate on using Meta-heuristic approaches. Dragonfly Optimization (DFO) is an effective meta-heuristic approach to resolve these problems by providing optimal solutions. Moreover, Meta-heuristic approaches (DFO) turn to be slower in convergence problems and need proper computational time while expanding network size. Thus, DFO is adaptively improved as Adaptive Dragonfly… More >

Geetha N., Sankar A.

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.24, No.4, pp. 711-719, 2018, DOI:10.1080/10798587.2017.1309003

Abstract The routing protocol for an ad hoc network should be efficient in utilizing the available resources to prolong the network lifetime. A Multi Criterion Fuzzy based Energy Efficient Routing Protocol (MCFEER) for Ad hoc Networks selects the path on constraints like bandwidth, battery life, hop count and buffer occupancy. In the route discovery phase, fuzzy system is applied for optimal route selection by destination node leading to successful data transmission. Multiple stable paths are preserved in route cache for usage during the route maintenance phase. The results are competitive when compared with Power aware Energy Efficient Routing (PEER) protocol using… More >

Jinhui Ge¹, Xiaoliang Liu^{2, *}, Guo Liang³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1945-1958, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010977

Abstract With the expansion of the application scope of social computing problems, many path problems in real life have evolved from pure path optimization problems to social computing problems that take into account various social attributes, cultures, and the emotional needs of customers. The actual soft time window vehicle routing problem, speeding up the response of customer needs, improving distribution efficiency, and reducing operating costs is the focus of current social computing problems. Therefore, designing fast and effective algorithms to solve this problem has certain theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, considering the time delay problem of customer demand, the… More >

Jingjian Chen¹, Gang Xu^{1, *}, Fengqi Wei¹, Liqiang He²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 1845-1858, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.010010

Abstract Opportunistic networks are self-organizing networks that do not require a complete path between the source node and the destination node as it uses encounter opportunities brought by nodes movement to achieve network communication. Opportunistic networks routing algorithms are numerous and can be roughly divided into four categories based on different forwarding strategies. The Prophet routing algorithm is an important routing algorithm in opportunistic networks. It forwards messages based on the encounter probability between nodes, and has good innovation significance and optimization potential. However, the Prophet routing algorithm does not consider the impact of the historical throughput of the node on… More >