Chili Li¹, Xinxin Zhao², Ziwen Pan³, Ting Yi⁴, Long Qian^5,6,*

International Journal of Mental Health Promotion, Vol.26, No.2, pp. 161-175, 2024, DOI:10.32604/ijmhp.2023.029896

Abstract While a plethora of studies has been conducted to explore demotivation and its impact on mental health in second language (L2) education, scanty research focuses on demotivation in L2 speaking learning. Particularly, little research explores the measures to quantify L2 speaking demotivation. The present two-phase study attempts to develop and validate an English Speaking Demotivation Scale (ESDS). To this end, an independent sample of 207 Chinese tertiary learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) participated in the development phase, and another group of 188 Chinese EFL learners was recruited for the validation of the scale. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA)… More >

Volkan Duran¹, Selçuk Topal^2,*, Florentin Smarandache³, Said Broumi⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.129, No.2, pp. 953-971, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.016696

Abstract In this study, the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire which was adapted from the short form of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire was evaluated and this scale into neutrosophic form was converted and the results of the scale were compared for proposing new type confirmatory analysis procedure as well as developing neutrosophic scales. The exploratory factor analysis was used in the analysis of the data. Besides, test results were analyzed for Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin and Bartlett values, common factor variance values, scree plot graphs, and the principal component analysis results. The sample of the study consists of 194 students in mathematics departments at… More >