Ahmed S. Alghamdi¹, Surayya Naz², Ammar Saeed³, Eesa Al Solami¹, Muhammad Kamran^1,*, Mohammed Saeed Alkatheiri¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1585-1601, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019936

Abstract With widespread use of relational database in various real-life applications, maintaining integrity and providing copyright protection is gaining keen interest of the researchers. For this purpose, watermarking has been used for quite a long time. Watermarking requires the role of trusted third party and a mechanism to extract digital signatures (watermark) to prove the ownership of the data under dispute. This is often inefficient as lots of processing is required. Moreover, certain malicious attacks, like additive attacks, can give rise to a situation when more than one parties can claim the ownership of the same data by inserting and detecting… More >

Nadia Tabassum¹, Tahir Alyas², Muhammad Hamid^3,*, Muhammad Saleem⁴, Saadia Malik⁵, Syeda Binish Zahra²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1127-1140, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019760

Abstract Cloud systems are tools and software for cloud computing that are deployed on the Internet or a cloud computing network, and users can use them at any time. After assessing and choosing cloud providers, however, customers confront the variety and difficulty of quality of service (QoS). To increase customer retention and engagement success rates, it is critical to research and develops an accurate and objective evaluation model. Cloud is the emerging environment for distributed services at various layers. Due to the benefits of this environment, globally cloud is being taken as a standard environment for individuals as well as for… More >

Adil Hussain Seh¹, Jehad F. Al-Amri², Ahmad F. Subahi³, Md Tarique Jamal Ansari¹, Rajeev Kumar^4,*, Mohammad Ubaidullah Bokhari⁵, Raees Ahmad Khan¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 469-489, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019593

Abstract Transformation from conventional business management systems to smart digital systems is a recurrent trend in the current era. This has led to digital revolution, and in this context, the hardwired technologies in the software industry play a significant role However, from the beginning, software security remains a serious issue for all levels of stakeholders. Software vulnerabilities lead to intrusions that cause data breaches and result in disclosure of sensitive data, compromising the organizations’ reputation that translates into, financial losses as well. Most of the data breaches are financially motivated, especially in the healthcare sector. The cyber invaders continuously penetrate the… More >

Navid Ali Khan¹, N. Z. Jhanjhi^1,*, Sarfraz Nawaz Brohi², Abdulwahab Ali Almazroi³, Abdulaleem Ali Almazroi⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 601-618, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019419

Abstract Mavlink is a lightweight and most widely used open-source communication protocol used for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Multiple UAVs and autopilot systems support it, and it provides bi-directional communication between the UAV and Ground Control Station. The communications contain critical information about the UAV status and basic control commands sent from GCS to UAV and UAV to GCS. In order to increase the transfer speed and efficiency, the Mavlink does not encrypt the messages. As a result, the protocol is vulnerable to various security attacks such as Eavesdropping, GPS Spoofing, and DDoS. In this study, we tackle the problem and secure… More >

Tehreem Aslam¹, Ayesha Maqbool¹, Maham Akhtar¹, Alina Mirza^2,*, Muhammad Anees Khan³, Wazir Zada Khan⁴, Shadab Alam⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1089-1109, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019416

Abstract Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) software is extensively used for the management of business processes. ERP offers a system of integrated applications with a shared central database. Storing all business-critical information in a central place raises various issues such as data integrity assurance and a single point of failure, which makes the database vulnerable. This paper investigates database and Blockchain integration, where the Blockchain network works in synchronization with the database system, and offers a mechanism to validate the transactions and ensure data integrity. Limited research exists on Blockchain-based solutions for the single point of failure in ERP. We established in… More >

R. Nithya¹, K. Amudha^2,*, A. Syed Musthafa³, Dilip Kumar Sharma⁴, Edwin Hernan Ramirez-Asis⁵, Priya Velayutham⁶, V. Subramaniyaswamy⁷, Sudhakar Sengan⁸

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1069-1087, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019221

Abstract The 5G demonstrations in a business has a significant role in today's fast-moving technology. Manet in 5G, drives a wireless system intended at an enormously high data rate, lower energy, low latency, and cost. For this reason, routing protocols of MANET have the possibility of being fundamentally flexible, high performance, and energy-efficient. The 5G communication aims to afford higher data rates and significantly low Over-The-Air latency. Motivated through supplementary ACO routing processes, a security-aware, fuzzy improved ant colony routing optimization protocol is proposed in MANETs. The goal is to develop a MANET routing protocol that could provide a stable packet… More >

Mavra Mehmood¹, Talha Javed², Jamel Nebhen³, Sidra Abbas^2,*, Rabia Abid¹, Giridhar Reddy Bojja⁴, Muhammad Rizwan¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 91-107, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019127

Abstract Due to the widespread use of the internet and smart devices, various attacks like intrusion, zero-day, Malware, and security breaches are a constant threat to any organization's network infrastructure. Thus, a Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) is required to detect attacks in network traffic. This paper proposes a new hybrid method for intrusion detection and attack categorization. The proposed approach comprises three steps to address high false and low false-negative rates for intrusion detection and attack categorization. In the first step, the dataset is preprocessed through the data transformation technique and min-max method. Secondly, the random forest recursive feature elimination… More >

Nazarii Lutsiv¹, Taras Maksymyuk^1,*, Mykola Beshley¹, Orest Lavriv¹, Volodymyr Andrushchak¹, Anatoliy Sachenko², Liberios Vokorokos³, Juraj Gazda³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 413-431, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018773

Abstract The extensive proliferation of modern information services and ubiquitous digitization of society have raised cybersecurity challenges to new levels. With the massive number of connected devices, opportunities for potential network attacks are nearly unlimited. An additional problem is that many low-cost devices are not equipped with effective security protection so that they are easily hacked and applied within a network of bots (botnet) to perform distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we propose a novel intrusion detection system (IDS) based on deep learning that aims to identify suspicious behavior in modern heterogeneous information systems. The proposed approach… More >

Iman Almomani^1,2,*, Aala AlKhayer¹, Walid El-Shafai^1,3

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1209-1228, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018631

Abstract Ransomware is considered one of the most threatening cyberattacks. Existing solutions have focused mainly on discriminating ransomware by analyzing the apps themselves, but they have overlooked possible ways of hiding ransomware apps and making them difficult to be detected and then analyzed. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel ransomware hiding model by utilizing a block-based High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) steganography approach. The main idea of the proposed steganography approach is the division of the secret ransomware data and cover HEVC frames into different blocks. After that, the Least Significant Bit (LSB) based Hamming Distance (HD) calculation is performed amongst the… More >

Kanwal Imran^1,*, Nasreen Anjum², Abdullah Alghamdi³, Asadullah Shaikh³, Mohammed Hamdi³, Saeed Mahfooz¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 1033-1052, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018589

Abstract IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) provides IP connectivity to the highly constrained nodes in the Internet of Things (IoTs). 6LoWPAN allows nodes with limited battery power and storage capacity to carry IPv6 datagrams over the lossy and error-prone radio links offered by the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, thus acting as an adoption layer between the IPv6 protocol and IEEE 802.15.4 network. The data link layer of IEEE 802.15.4 in 6LoWPAN is based on AES (Advanced Encryption Standard), but the 6LoWPAN standard lacks and has omitted the security and privacy requirements at higher layers. The sensor nodes in… More >