Ramkiran Bhallamudi^1,2, Sudhakar Kumarasamy^3,4,5, Chinnayan Karuppaiyah Sundarabalan^1,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.118, No.6, pp. 1827-1838, 2021, DOI:10.32604/EE.2021.016798

Abstract This study presents an experimental performance of a solar photovoltaic module under clean, dust, and shadow conditions. It is found that there is a significant decrease in electrical power produced (40% in the case of dust panels and 80% in the case of shadow panels) and a decrease in efficiency of around 6% in the case with dust and 9% in the case with the shadow, as compared to the clean panel. From the results, it is clear that there is a substantial effect of a partial shadow than dust on the performance of the solar panel. This is due… More >

Lina Wang^1,2,*, Jie Wang³, Yongjun Ren⁴, Zimeng Xing¹, Tao Li¹, Jinyue Xia⁵

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.30, No.1, pp. 31-47, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.018577

Abstract Intrusion detection has been widely used in many application domains; thus, it has caught significant attention in academic fields these years. Assembled with more and more sub-systems, the network is more vulnerable to multiple attacks aiming at the network security. Compared with the other issues such as complex environment and resources-constrained devices, network security has been the biggest challenge for Internet construction. To deal with this problem, a fundamental measure for safeguarding network security is to select an intrusion detection algorithm. As is known, it is less effective to determine the abnormal behavior as an intrusion and learn the entire… More >

Naira Elazab¹, Shaker El-Sappagh^2,3, Ahmed Atwan⁴, Hassan Soliman¹, Mohammed Elmogy¹, Louai Alarabi^5,*, Nagham Mekky¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.2, pp. 1915-1932, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015067

Abstract Realism rendering methods of outdoor augmented reality (AR) is an interesting topic. Realism items in outdoor AR need advanced impacts like shadows, sunshine, and relations between unreal items. A few realistic rendering approaches were built to overcome this issue. Several of these approaches are not dealt with real-time rendering. However, the issue remains an active research topic, especially in outdoor rendering. This paper introduces a new approach to accomplish reality real-time outdoor rendering by considering the relation between items in AR regarding shadows in any place during daylight. The proposed method includes three principal stages that cover various outdoor AR… More >

Gulsah Karaduman^*, Mehmet Karakose, Ilhan Aydin, Erhan Akin

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.26, No.3, pp. 455-463, 2020, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2020.013922

Abstract The use of railways has continually increased with high-speed trains. The increased speed and usage wear on the rails poses a serious problem. In recent years, to detect wear and cracks in the rails, image-based detection methods have been developed. In this paper, wears on the surface of railheads are detected by contactless image processing and image analysis techniques. The shadow removal algorithm with a minimal entropy method is implemented onto the noise-free images to eliminate the light variations that can occur on the rail. The Hough transform is applied on the noise and shadow free image in order to… More >

Hee-Jin Yoon¹, Kang-Jik Kim¹, Jun-Chul Chun^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.62, No.1, pp. 459-472, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.08799

Abstract Recently, virtual reality technology that can interact with various data is used for urban design and analysis. Reality, one of the most important elements in virtual reality technology, means visual expression so that a person can experience threedimensional space like reality. To obtain this realism, real-world data are used in the various fields. For example, in order to increase the realism of 3D modeled building textures real aerial images are utilized in 3D modelling. However, the aerial image captured during the day can be shadowed by the sun and it can cause the distortion or deterioration of image. To resolve… More >

Terry Yuan-Fang Chen, Jian-Siang Chen

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.20, No.2, pp. 33-34, 2011, DOI:10.3970/icces.2011.020.033

Abstract Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process flattens the wafer by polishing it against a rotating pad. During the polishing process, a diamond coated grinding wheel must be frequently employed to remove the accumulated debris lest the polishing surface glazes. To assure the flatness of polished wafers during the CMP process, the surface warpage of the diamond grid dresser surface must be small enough. In this study, phase-shifted shadow moirAC method was employed to measure the surface profile of diamond grinding wheel, and the warpage was determined by LSM (lease-squares surface method). Since the impinging light may either be reflect directly or… More >

Jiahui Pan, Ken Chiavone, Neil Hubble, Ryan Curry

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 105-106, 2011, DOI:10.3970/icces.2011.019.105

Abstract Recently a number of changes have occurred in electronic packaging, such as increased contact density in both packages and substrates, high reflow temperature due to Pb-free conversion, new materials, new package configurations and new fabrication processes. All these trends demand tighter mechanical tolerances and increase the challenges in modern electronic assembly. Consequently surface flatness plays a more important role in the design and manufacturing process. Warpage introduced by dissimilar CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) can cause die cracking, solder joint opens, and solder joint cracking. Characterization of the thermally-induced warpage is proving to have significant value in improving manufacturing yield… More >

Srikrishna Sahu¹, K. Muralidhar¹, P.K. Panigrahi¹

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.3, No.3, pp. 265-286, 2007, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2007.003.265

Abstract Convection in a differentially heated cavity partly filled with silicone oil has been experimentally studied. The air-oil layers are subjected to a temperature difference in the vertical direction, with the lower wall being heated with respect to the top. The overall geometry is that of an enclosed cavity that is octagonal in plan. Heights of oil layers considered for experiments correspond to 30, 50, and 70% of the vertical cavity dimension. Measurements have been carried out using a shadowgraph technique. A limited number of interferograms have also been recorded. The shadowgraph technique has been validated against interferograms under identical experimental… More >