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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Reconstruction of the Hindlimb Locomotion of Confuciusornis (Aves) and Its Implication for the Origin of Avian Flight

    Xinsen Wei1, Ying Guo1,2,*, Yan Zhao1

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.20, No.2, pp. 49-61, 2023, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2023.041173

    Abstract As one of the most basal avian clades, the Confuciusornithids are ideal in revealing the early evolution of avian flight. Birds’ hindlimbs are functionally diverse and contain a wealth of information about their behavior. The hindlimb of Confuciusornis, however, has only been studied in detail in terms of functional morphology, and quantitative studies that directly assess locomotor ability are relatively lacking. This has led to certain controversies on the behavior of Confuciusornis. This paper reviews the debates over the life habits and take-off ability of Confuciusornis, which are closely related to their hindlimb function. Several methodologies adopted engineering techniques, including… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    A Review of the Dynamic Modeling Approaches for Characterizing Fluid Flow in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs

    M. N. Tarhuni*, W. R. Sulaiman, M. Z. Jaafar, M. Milad, A. M. Alghol

    Energy Engineering, Vol.118, No.4, pp. 761-795, 2021, DOI:10.32604/EE.2021.016645

    Abstract Fluid flow in fractured media has been studied for decades and received considerable attention in the oil and gas industry because of the high productivity of naturally fractured reservoirs. Due to formation complexity and reservoir heterogeneity, characterizing fluid flow with an appropriate reservoir model presents a challenging task that differs relatively from homogeneous conventional reservoirs in many aspects of view, including geological, petrophysical, production, and economics. In most fractured reservoirs, fracture networks create complex pathways that affect hydrocarbon flow, well performance, hence reservoir characterization. A better and comprehensive understanding of the available reservoir modeling approaches is much needed to accurately… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Continuum-Microscopic Method Based on IRBFs and Control Volume Scheme for Viscoelastic Fluid Flows

    C.-D. Tran1, N. Mai-Duy1,1, K. Le-Cao1, T. Tran-Cong1

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.85, No.6, pp. 499-520, 2012, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2012.085.499

    Abstract A numerical computation of continuum-microscopic model for visco-elastic flows based on the Integrated Radial Basis Function (IRBF) Control Volume and the Stochastic Simulation Techniques (SST) is reported in this paper. The macroscopic flow equations are closed by a stochastic equation for the extra stress at the microscopic level. The former are discretised by a 1D-IRBF-CV method while the latter is integrated with Euler explicit or Predictor-Corrector schemes. Modelling is very efficient as it is based on Cartesian grid, while the integrated RBF approach enhances both the stability of the procedure and the accuracy of the solution. The proposed method is… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    ALE Formulation and Simulation Techniques in Integrated Computer Aided Design and Engineering System with Industrial Metal Forming Applications

    A. Gakwaya1, H. Sharifi2, M. Guillot1, M. Souli3, F. Erchiqui4

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 209-266, 2011, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2011.073.209

    Abstract A mechanical computer aided design and engineering system can be used to reduce the design-to-manufacture cycle time in metal forming process. Such a system could be built upon a solid modeling geometry engine and an efficient finite element (FE) solver. The maintenance of a high-quality mesh throughout the analysis is an essential feature of an efficient finite element simulation of large strain metal forming problems. In this paper, a mesh adaptation technique employing the Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian formulation (ALE) is applied to some industrial metal forming problems. An ACIS boundary representation of the solid model is employed. This type of representation… More >

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