Taher Maatallah^1,*, Nagmeldeen A. M. Hassanain¹, Gaydaa Al Zohbi², Farooq Saeed¹, Muhammad Saleem¹, Nassir Hariri¹, Mohamed Elsharawy³, Tapas Kumar Mallick^1,4, Fahad Gallab Al-Amri¹

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.075763 - 28 February 2026

Abstract High-concentration photovoltaic (HCPV) systems present significant thermal management challenges due to the intense heat fluxes generated under concentrated solar irradiation, especially in arid environments. Effective heat dissipation is critical to prevent performance degradation and structural failure. This study investigates the thermal performance and design optimization of an enhanced HCPV module, integrating numerical, analytical, and experimental methods. A coupled optical-thermal-electrical model was developed to simulate ray tracing, heat transfer, and temperature-dependent electrical behaviour, with predictions validated under real-world desert conditions. Compared to a baseline commercial module operating at 106°C, the optimized design achieved a peak temperature More >

M. Faizan¹, Syed Sohaib Zafar², Farhan Ali¹, Umair Khan^3,4, Aurang Zaib⁵, Najiyah Safwa Khashi’ie^6,*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2026.075018 - 28 February 2026

Abstract The purpose of the present investigation is to explore the implications of Cross fluid in a Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium due to the tri-hybrid nanofluid past a porous cylinder. Thermal radiation, heat generation, thermal convection, solutal convective and chemical reaction have been encountered in this analysis. Entropy generation has been accounted for under the fluidic friction, heat rate analysis, and porosity analysis. Three different nanoparticles of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), aluminum oxide (Al2O3), and silver (Ag) are utilized to illustrate the tri-hybrid nanofluid flow with Ethlene Glycol (EG) as the base fluid. The governance… More >

Yun-Im Kang¹, Youn Jung Choi¹, Su Young Lee¹, Young-Ran Lee¹, Ki-Byung Lim^2,3, Yun-Jae Ahn^2,3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.073138 - 30 January 2026

Abstract Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) threatens lily production by reducing floral quality and enabling carry-over via infected planting stock. To explore tissue-specific host responses, we analyzed a legacy, single-replicate RNA-seq dataset from two cultivars, ‘Cancun’ and ‘Connecticut King’ (CK), profiling leaf (source) and bulb (sink) tissues at 0 and 28 days post-inoculation (dpi), alongside leaf DAS-ELISA. Principal component analysis indicated that tissue identity dominated the transcriptome (PC1 = 47.7%), with CMV treatment driving within-tissue shifts over time. Exploratory Gene Ontology/KEGG summaries and a focused marker panel revealed a consistent split: in leaves, genes linked to jasmonate/WRKY-associated… More >

Harith Iman Othman Kalam¹, Ainon Nisa Othman^1,*, Mohamad Hezri Razali^1,*, Pauziyah Mohammad Salim¹, Akhbaaruddin Abd Hamid²

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.34, pp. 973-985, 2025, DOI:10.32604/RIG.2025.071917 - 24 December 2025

Abstract Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a widely used method that is non-destructive for underground or subsurface detection. It is used in various fields and has proved to be reliable and effective. This research focuses on detecting the presence of air cavities using GPR and analyzing the radargram output based on the compactness of soil and different frequencies. The compactness is used to illustrate the presence of cavities underground artificially. The research examines how variations in the compactness of soil affect the radargram response in showing the presence of cavities using different frequencies. Experimental results demonstrate More >

Shuaimei Lian, Pingping Liu, Wenling Liao^*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.5, pp. 1395-1415, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.069454 - 31 October 2025

Abstract In this work, numerical simulations are performed to investigate the influence of combining ribs and triangular cavities on the thermal-hydraulic performance (THP) of MCHS at fluid velocities ranging from 1 to 4 m/s (corresponding to Reynolds numbers (Re) of 129.75 to 519). Specifically, the ribs are positioned on the bottom wall, and the rib width is equal to the mini-channel width, while the triangular cavities are arranged on the two side walls of the MCHS. By analyzing and comparing key parameters such as velocity distribution, streamline patterns, pressure drop, skin friction coefficient (C_f), Nusselt number (Nu), friction… More >

Yan Eng Tan^*, Siti Nur Aliaa Roslan

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.34, pp. 777-791, 2025, DOI:10.32604/rig.2025.070997 - 23 October 2025

Abstract Sinkholes, typically associated with karst landscapes, are emerging as significant geohazards in rapidly urbanising regions such as Kuala Lumpur, where human activities like land development, underground infrastructure, and groundwater extraction exacerbate subsurface instability. Despite their destructive potential, sinkholes remain under-monitored in Malaysia due to fragmented data and the lack of predictive spatial tools. This study aimed to develop a web-based, machine learning-driven framework for sinkhole susceptibility mapping to support public awareness, hazard mitigation, and geospatially informed urban planning. The framework was implemented using Google Earth Engine and Google Colab, focusing on Kuala Lumpur and parts… More >

J. Luis Luviano-Ortiz, Julio Cesar Rodriguez-Mosqueda, Salvador Botello-Aceves, Yanan Camaraza-Medina^*, Abel Hernandez-Guerrero

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1165-1183, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.067466 - 29 August 2025

Abstract This work presents a simulation analysis using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm for the thermo-hydraulic behavior of staggered heat sinks whose fins have NACA 0040 airfoil profile. The results were compared with a conventional pin fin heat sink with a circular profile. This study searched for the best thermo-hydraulic performance by translational and rotational positioning of the fins. It is worth mentioning that this work was carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the thermo-hydraulic behavior of the heat sink was studied moving the location of the upper array above the X-axis from −2.25 to… More >

Ying Zhang^1,2, Chao Dang^1,2,*, Zhiqiang Zhang^1,2

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.4, pp. 1215-1242, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.067373 - 29 August 2025

Abstract In this study, the flow boiling characteristics of R1234yf in parallel microchannels were experimentally investigated. The experiments were conducted with heat flux from 0 to 550 kW/m², mass flux of 434, 727, and 1015 kg/(m² s), saturation temperatures of 293, 298, and 303 K, and inlet sub-cooling of 5, 10, and 15 K. The analysis of the experimental results provides the following conclusions: a reduced mass flux and lower subcooling correspond to a diminished degree of superheat at the boiling inception wall; conversely, an elevated saturation temperature results in a reduced amount of superheat at the… More >

Atena Shiranzaei^1,*, Emad Alizadeh², Mahdi Rabbani³, Sajjad Bagheri Baba Ahmadi^4,*, Mohsen Tajgardan⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 5381-5402, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064414 - 30 July 2025

Abstract The sinkhole attack is one of the most damaging threats in the Internet of Things (IoT). It deceptively attracts neighboring nodes and initiates malicious activity, often disrupting the network when combined with other attacks. This study proposes a novel approach, named NADSA, to detect and isolate sinkhole attacks. NADSA is based on the RPL protocol and consists of two detection phases. In the first phase, the minimum possible hop count between the sender and receiver is calculated and compared with the sender’s reported hop count. The second phase utilizes the number of DIO messages to More >

Zerui Chen^*, Xin Wu, Houpeng Hu, Yang Zhou, Shang Yang

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.3, pp. 991-1011, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.065936 - 30 June 2025

Abstract As the integration of electronic components in high-performance servers increases, heat generation significantly impacts performance and raises failure rates. Therefore, heat dissipation has become a critical concern in electronic circuit design. This study uses numerical simulations to investigate the heat dissipation characteristics of electronic components in air-cooled servers. By adjusting airflow speed, heat sink configurations, and the arrangement of straight-fin heat sinks, we optimize heat dissipation performance and analyze the mechanisms at different airflow speeds. The results show that, at the same airflow speed, the temperature of the heat sink is lower than that of… More >