Zonglin Li^1,#, Xu Zhao^2,#, Yan Cao^2,*, Yazhe Li³, Yihong Zhang¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.071511 - 12 January 2026

Abstract With the rapid development of Internet technology, REST APIs (Representational State Transfer Application Programming Interfaces) have become the primary communication standard in modern microservice architectures, raising increasing concerns about their security. Existing fuzz testing methods include random or dictionary-based input generation, which often fail to ensure both syntactic and semantic correctness, and OpenAPI-based approaches, which offer better accuracy but typically lack detailed descriptions of endpoints, parameters, or data formats. To address these issues, this paper proposes the APIDocX fuzz testing framework. It introduces a crawler tailored for dynamic web pages that automatically simulates user interactions More >

Ali Abdulshaheed^1,*, Faizal Mustapha¹, Mohd Anuar²

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.21, No.9, pp. 2289-2304, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2025.066983 - 30 September 2025

Abstract A pump operating as a turbine (PAT) is a type of hydraulic machine capable of functioning both as a pump and as a turbine by reversing the flow direction. The pump-as-turbine (PAT) approach presents an effective method of hydropower generation, particularly suitable for addressing the increasing global energy demands in rural and remote areas. In addition to its adaptability, PAT-based micro-hydropower systems typically incur lower operating costs than conventional hydrodynamic turbines, despite requiring higher initial investment. Recent research has focused on integrating PATs into pipe distribution systems to harness untapped hydraulic energy. This study presents… More >

Menghan Li^1,2,#, Yuhui He^1,#, Changning Chen², Li Liu², Jia Xu², Jiahao Cao^1,2, Xiaotong Guo^1,*, Linlin Dong^1,2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.8, pp. 2575-2591, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.064518 - 29 August 2025

Abstract Codonopsis pilosula is a major Qi-tonifying medicinal herb, and its active composition is analyzed systematically. However, the relationship between its production origins and commodity specification grades with the active composition of C. pilosula lacks systematic research. This study integrates the HPLC and UV-Vis methodologies to evaluate the quality of C. pilosula from commodity specification grades and different origins, and it explores the correlation between ecological factors and production origins with active components. Here, network pharmacology is used to determine that lobetyolin, syringin, and tangshenoside I have potential efficacy in treating pulmonary fibrosis and oxidative stress. The HPLC and… More >

Heejae Park¹, Tri-Hai Nguyen², Laihyuk Park^1,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.141, No.1, pp. 13-41, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2024.052394 - 20 August 2024

Abstract The emergence of various technologies such as terahertz communications, Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS), and AI-powered communication services will burden network operators with rising infrastructure costs. Recently, the Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has been introduced as a solution for growing financial and operational burdens in Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G networks. O-RAN promotes openness and intelligence to overcome the limitations of traditional RANs. By disaggregating conventional Base Band Units (BBUs) into O-RAN Distributed Units (O-DU) and O-RAN Centralized Units (O-CU), O-RAN offers greater flexibility for upgrades and network automation. However, this openness introduces new security More >

Sabin C. Buraga^1,*, Daniel Amariei¹, Octavian Dospinescu²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 5537-5550, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021714 - 11 October 2021

Abstract In the context of a proliferation of Database Management Systems (DBMSs), we have envisioned and produced an OWL 2 ontology able to provide a high-level machine-processable description of the DBMSs domain. This conceptualization aims to facilitate a proper execution of various software engineering processes and database-focused administration tasks. Also, it can be used to improve the decision-making process for determining/selecting the appropriate DBMS, subject to specific requirements. The proposed model describes the most important features and aspects regarding the DBMS domain, including the support for various paradigms (relational, graph-based, key-value, tree-like, etc.), query languages, platforms… More >

Sadia Ali¹, Yaser Hafeez¹, Muhammad Bilal², Saqib Saeed³, Kyung Sup Kwak^4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 653-668, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.018779 - 07 September 2021

Abstract Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) comprise interactive computation, networking, and physical processes. The integrative environment of CPS enables the smart systems to be aware of the surrounding physical world. Smart systems, such as smart health care systems, smart homes, smart transportation, and smart cities, are made up of complex and dynamic CPS. The components integration development approach should be based on the divide and conquer theory. This way multiple interactive components can reduce the development complexity in CPS. As reusability enhances efficiency and consistency in CPS, encapsulation of component functionalities and a well-designed user interface is vital… More >

Qiang Zhi^1,*, Shuji Morisaki²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.37, No.3, pp. 443-461, 2021, DOI:10.32604/csse.2021.015157 - 08 March 2021

Abstract A software requirements specification (SRS) is a detailed description of a software system to be developed. This paper proposes and evaluates a lightweight review approach called value-oriented review (VOR) to detect defects in SRS. This approach comprises setting core values based on SRS and detecting the defects disturbing the core values. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, we conducted a controlled experiment to investigate whether reviewers could identify and record the core values based on SRS and find defects disturbing the core values. Results of the evaluation with 56 software engineers showed that More >

Giuseppe Della Penna^1,∗, Sergio Orefice^2,†

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.34, No.6, pp. 325-338, 2019, DOI:10.32604/csse.2019.34.325

Abstract In this paper we present a qualitative spatial relation formalism capable to represent spatio-temporal knowledge. To this aim, we have added the notion of time within the formalisation of spatial relations in order to describe moving graphical objects. As a case study, we exploited this augmented formalism to support a qualitative specification of gestures, which are an increasingly relevant issue in the human-computer interaction field. The resulting technique provides gesture specification with a systematic and formal foundation. More >

Thamer A. Alrawashed^1,*, Ammar Almomani², Ahmad Althunibat¹, Abdelfatah Tamimi¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.119, No.3, pp. 409-425, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2019.04681

Abstract Test complexity and test adequacy are frequently raised by software developers and testing agents. However, there is little research works at this aspect on specification-based testing at the use case description level. Thus, this research proposes an automatic test cases generator approach to reduce the test complexity and to enhance the percentage of test coverage. First, to support the infrastructure for performing automatic, this proposed approach refines the use cases using use case describing template and save it in the text file. Then, the saved file is input to the Algorithm of Control Flow Diagram… More >