Yanlei Xu, Xue Cong, Yuting Zhai, Zhiyuan Gao, Helong Yu^*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.37, No.3, pp. 3019-3037, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.040330

Abstract To solve inefficient water stress classification of spinach seedlings under complex background, this study proposed an automatic classification method for the water stress level of spinach seedlings based on the N-MobileNetXt (NCAM+MobileNetXt) network. Firstly, this study reconstructed the Sandglass Block to effectively increase the model accuracy; secondly, this study introduced the group convolution module and a two-dimensional adaptive average pool, which can significantly compress the model parameters and enhance the model robustness separately; finally, this study innovatively proposed the Normalization-based Channel Attention Module (NCAM) to enhance the image features obviously. The experimental results showed that the classification accuracy of N-MobileNetXt… More >

Sankar Sennan¹, Digvijay Pandey^2,*, Youseef Alotaibi³, Saleh Alghamdi⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.1, pp. 343-361, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.028334

Abstract In the present scenario, Deep Learning (DL) is one of the most popular research algorithms to increase the accuracy of data analysis. Due to intra-class differences and inter-class variation, image classification is one of the most difficult jobs in image processing. Plant or spinach recognition or classification is one of the deep learning applications through its leaf. Spinach is more critical for human skin, bone, and hair, etc. It provides vitamins, iron, minerals, and protein. It is beneficial for diet and is readily available in people's surroundings. Many researchers have proposed various machine learning and deep learning algorithms to classify… More >

Hira Javaid Siddiqui¹, Shamim Gul^1,2,*, Attiq-ur-Rehman Kakar³, Umbreen Shaheen⁴, Gul Bano Rehman¹, Naqeebullah Khan³, Samiullah³

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.90, No.2, pp. 651-676, 2021, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2021.011413

Abstract This pot-based study investigated the influence of poultry manure and 1:1 mixture of poultry manure + biochar (produced from farmyard manure [FYM] or wood), on the biomass production and concentration of heavy metals in leaves of lettuce and spinach. The concentration of mineral nitrogen (N) and soluble inorganic phosphorus (P) of soils cultivated with these vegetables was also investigated. The application of poultry manure or FYM biochar in soil as 10% (equivalent to 60 t ha^–1 , an estimated 1726.8 kg ha^–1 N in poultry manure and 1353.9 kg ha^–1 N in FYM) and 15% amendment (equivalent to 90 t… More >

Müller FL^1,2, LF Cyster¹, LM Raitt¹, J Aalbers¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 461-465, 2015, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2015.84.461

Abstract An increase in bioavailable tin in the environment could result in bioaccumulation thereof in agricultural crops, and therefore, have adverse health consequences on humans that eat these crops. The aims of the current study were thus to assess the uptake of Sn by spinach plants, and the subsequent effects this will have on the uptake of Na, Zn, K, Ca, and Mg as well as the growth of spinach plants. Spinach plants were grown in sand culture and received tin at concentrations of 0.02, 0.2, 2 and 20 mg/L along with a nutrient solution. The uptake of tin at detectible… More >