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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Application of Plant-Based Coagulants and Their Mechanisms in Water Treatment: A Review

    Abderrezzaq Benalia1,2,*, Kerroum Derbal2, Zahra Amrouci2,3, Ouiem Baatache2, Amel Khalfaoui4, Antonio Pizzi5,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.4, pp. 667-698, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.048306 - 12 June 2024

    Abstract This review describes the mechanisms of natural coagulants. It provides a good understanding of the two key processes of coagulation-flocculation: adsorption and charge neutralization, as well as adsorption and bridging. Various factors have influence the coagulation/flocculation process, including the effect of pH, coagulant dosage, coagulant type, temperature, initial turbidity, coagulation speed, flocculation speed, coagulation and flocculation time, settling time, colloidal particles, zeta potential, the effects of humic acids, and extraction density are explained. The bio-coagulants derived from plants are outlined. The impact of organic coagulants on water quality, focusing on their effects on the physicochemical… More > Graphic Abstract

    Application of Plant-Based Coagulants and Their Mechanisms in Water Treatment: A Review

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of Tetramethylurea (TMU) on Polysulfone Membrane Performance for Atrazine-containing Wastewater Treatment

    NIKITA GUPTA, SARITA KALLA, Z.V.P. MURTHY*

    Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.40, No.3-4, pp. 317-328, 2023, DOI:10.32381/JPM.2023.40.3-4.12

    Abstract Tetramethylurea (TMU) is a good solvent for organic substances and has received little attention as compared to other solvents. The TMU is a polar solution and is one of the molecules with an amphiphilic character. In the present work, an attempt has been made to use TMU as an additive in the preparation of nanofiltration membranes to improve the hydrophilicity of the membrane. The polysulfone membrane has been modified by incorporating different concentrations of TMU (0, 0.5, and 1 wt.%) in order to check the rejection of atrazine in water. This study aim is to More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Chicken Eggshell as an Innovative Bioflocculant in Harvesting Biofloc for Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment

    Hajjar Hartini Wan Jusoh1, Nor Azman Kasan2,*, Hidayah Manan2, Nurfarahana Mohd Nasir1,3, Fareza Hanis Mohd Yunos1, Sofiah Hamzah1, Ahmad Jusoh1,2,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2321-2332, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.026086 - 13 February 2023

    Abstract Implementation of biofloc technology (BFT) system in aquaculture industry shows high productivity, low feed conversion ratio, and an optimum culture environment. This study was divided into two phases. The first phase involved maintaining the water quality using the optimum carbon-to-nitrogen ratio by manipulating pH in culture water. The second phase examined the performance of harvesting biofloc (remaining phytoplankton and suspended solids in the system) using chicken eggshell powder (CESP). This study showed that pH 7 to 8 were the best biofloc performance with high removal percentage of ammonia (>99%) with a remaining ammonia concentration of… More > Graphic Abstract

    Chicken Eggshell as an Innovative Bioflocculant in Harvesting Biofloc for Aquaculture Wastewater Treatment

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Development of Magnetite/Graphene Oxide Hydrogels from Agricultural Wastes for Water Treatment

    Hebat-Allah S. Tohamy, Mohamed El-Sakhawy, Samir Kamel*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.7, pp. 1889-1909, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.019211 - 08 March 2022

    Abstract A novel magnetic hydrogel loaded with graphene oxide (GO) was developed in this study. Firstly, GO was prepared from bagasse through a single step via oxidation in the presence of ferrocene under muffled atmospheric conditions, followed by the loading of different amounts of magnetite onto GO via co-precipitation reaction of iron onto GO sheets. Finally, the 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfonic acid was grafted onto carboxymethyl cellulose in the presence of magnetite GO and N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide as crosslinker yielded hydrogel. The structure, morphological, and thermal behavior of the prepared hydrogels were investigated. In addition, the adsorption performance of More > Graphic Abstract

    Development of Magnetite/Graphene Oxide Hydrogels from Agricultural Wastes for Water Treatment

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Chaotic Whale Optimized Fractional Order PID Controller Design for Desalination Process

    F. Kavin1,*, R. Senthilkumar2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.2, pp. 2789-2806, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021577 - 07 December 2021

    Abstract The main aim of this work is to design a suitable Fractional Order Proportionl Integral Derivative (FOPID) controller with Chaotic Whale Optimization Algorithm (CWOA) for a RO desalination system. Continuous research on Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination plants is a promising technique for satisfaction with sustainable and efficient RO plants. This work implements CWOA based FOPID for the simulation of reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process for both servo and regulatory problems. Mathematical modeling is a vital constituent of designing advanced and developed engineering processes, which helps to gain a deep study of processes to predict the… More >

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Application of Fe-Based Amorphous Alloy in Industrial Wastewater Treatment: A Review

    Liefei Pei, Xiangyun Zhang, Zizhou Yuan*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.4, pp. 969-991, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.017617 - 02 November 2021

    Abstract Amorphous alloy (MGs) is a solid alloy with disordered atomic accumulation obtained by ultra-rapid solidification of alloy melt. The atom deviates from the equilibrium position and is in metastable state. Up to now, a large number of MGs have been applied to the treatment of dye and heavy metal contaminated wastewater and ideal experimental results have been obtained. However, there is no literature to systematically summarize the chemical reaction and degradation mechanism in the process of degradation. On the basis of reviewing the classification, application, and synthesis of MGs, this paper introduces in detail the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The Use of Aloe vera as Natural Coagulant in Algerian Drinking Water Treatment Plant

    Abderrezzaq Benalia1,2, Kerroum Derbal2,*, Amel Khalfaoui1, Antonio Pizzi3, Ghouti Medjahdi4

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.3, pp. 625-637, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.017848 - 28 September 2021

    Abstract The purpose of this work is the study the ability of the plant material Aloe vera to act as natural coagulant using raw water obtained from a drinking water treatment plant (Mila, Algeria). Different solvents such as: NaCl; NaOH and HCl were used as chemical activators to extract the active components from the Aloe vera plant, and different coagulation-flocculation experiments were conducted in a jar test apparatus to evaluate the performance of the extracted coagulant. Also, the effect of coagulant dose on some water parameters such as turbidity, pH, total alkalinity and organic matter were investigated. The… More > Graphic Abstract

    The Use of <i>Aloe vera</i> as Natural Coagulant in Algerian Drinking Water Treatment Plant

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Adsorption Properties and Cost of Dicarboxylic Nanocellulose on Copper Ions for Wastewater Treatment

    Xiaozheng Sun1,*, Yu Yang1, Qiang He2, Jianye Li1, Rui Li1, Haitao Chen1

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.10, No.3, pp. 751-766, 2022, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2022.016933 - 28 September 2021

    Abstract The accumulation of Cu2+ in water is a potential threat to human health and environment. Dicarboxylic nanocellulose (DNC) with rich carboxyl groups was prepared through the NaIO4–NaClO2 sequential oxidation method to efficiently remove copper ions, and the Cu2+ adsorption properties and cost were studied. The maximum adsorption capacity reached 184.2 mg/g at pH 6 and an adsorbent dose of 5 g/L. Theoretically, the maximum adsorption capacities of monocarboxylic nanocellulose (MNC), DNC, and tricarboxylic nanocellulose (TNC) with carboxyl groups as the main adsorption sites were calculated to be 228.7, 261.3, and 148.1 mg/g, respectively. The Cu2+ adsorption costs of MNC, DNC, More > Graphic Abstract

    Adsorption Properties and Cost of Dicarboxylic Nanocellulose on Copper Ions for Wastewater Treatment

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Removal of Cu(II), Pb(II), Mg(II), and Fe(II) by Adsorption onto Alginate/Nanocellulose Beads as Bio-Sorbent

    Ragab E. Abou-Zeid1, Korany A. Ali2, Ramadan M. A. Gawad2, Kholod H. Kamal3, Samir Kamel1, Ramzi Khiari4,5,6,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.9, No.4, pp. 601-613, 2021, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2021.014005 - 01 February 2021

    Abstract

    Alginate blended with cellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and tri-carboxylate cellulose nanofibers (TPC-CNF) prepared and encapsulated in the form of microcapsules (bio-polymeric beads). The cellulosic nanomaterials that used in this study were investigated as nanomaterials for wastewater treatment applications. Batch experiments were performed to study the removal of copper, lead, magnesium, and iron from aqueous solutions by the prepared beads. The effects of the sorbent dosage and the modified polymers on the removing efficiency of the metal cations were examined. Atomic absorption was used to measure the metal ions concentrations. The modified bio-polymeric beads

    More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Hydrothermal preparation of TiO2-Ag nanoparticles and its antimicrobial performance against human pathogenic microbial cells in water

    Mahmoud MOUSTAFA1, 2, Saad ALAMRI1, Mohamed ELNOUBY3, Tarek TAHA4, M. A. ABU-SAIED5, Ali SHATI1, Mohamed AL-KAHTANI1, Sulaiman ALRUMMAN1

    BIOCELL, Vol.42, No.3, pp. 93-98, 2018, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2018.07014

    Abstract Water contaminated with pathogenic microbes is considered as one of the most common routes for transmitting diseases in human beings. Different methods have been applied for the decontamination of microbes in contaminated water. In the current study, an easy to do hydrothermal method has been used for the preparation of TiO2-Ag nanoparticles. The obtained material was characterised using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphological appearance of the obtained nanoparticles was in the shape of a sphere with a size range of 60-90 nm. The antimicrobial activity of the prepared More >

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