Muhammad Ejaz¹, Muhammad Asim^2,*, Mudasir Ahmad Wani^2,3, Kashish Ara Shakil^4,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.072464 - 12 January 2026

Abstract The integration of High-Altitude Platform Stations (HAPS) with Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) represents a critical advancement for next-generation wireless networks, offering unprecedented opportunities for ubiquitous connectivity. However, existing research reveals significant gaps in dynamic resource allocation, joint optimization, and equitable service provisioning under varying channel conditions, limiting practical deployment of these technologies. This paper addresses these challenges by proposing a novel Fairness-Aware Deep Q-Learning (FAIR-DQL) framework for joint resource management and phase configuration in HAPS-RIS systems. Our methodology employs a comprehensive three-tier algorithmic architecture integrating adaptive power control, priority-based user scheduling, and dynamic learning mechanisms. More >

Ahmed K. Ali¹, Jungpil Shin^2,*, Yujin Lim^3,*, Da-Hun Seong³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.3, pp. 4245-4278, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.073871 - 23 December 2025

Abstract Single-signal detection in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems presents a challenge due to the time-varying nature of wireless channels. Although conventional methods have limitations, particularly in multi-input multioutput orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM) systems, this paper addresses this problem by exploring advanced deep learning approaches for combined channel estimation and signal detection. Specifically, we propose two hybrid architectures that integrate a convolutional neural network (CNN) with a recurrent neural network (RNN), namely, CNN-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) and CNN-bidirectional-LSTM (CNN-Bi-LSTM), designed to enhance signal detection performance in MIMO-OFDM systems. The proposed CNN-LSTM and CNN-Bi-LSTM architectures are… More >

Gang Liu¹, Guosheng Xu^1,*, Chenyu Wang¹, Guoai Xu²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 4851-4868, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.066331 - 30 July 2025

Abstract In wireless communication transmission, image encryption plays a key role in protecting data privacy against unauthorized access. However, conventional encryption methods often face challenges in key space security, particularly when relying on chaotic sequences, which may exhibit vulnerabilities to brute-force and predictability-based attacks. To address the limitations, this paper presents a robust and efficient encryption scheme that combines iterative hyper-chaotic systems and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Firstly, a novel two-dimensional iterative hyper-chaotic system is proposed because of its complex dynamic behavior and expanded parameter space, which can enhance the key space complexity and randomness, ensuring… More >

Jeta Dobruna^1,2, Zana Limani Fazliu^2,*, Iztok Humar¹, Mojca Volk¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.142, No.3, pp. 2211-2245, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.059541 - 03 March 2025

Abstract Resource allocation remains a challenging issue in communication networks, and its complexity is continuously increasing with the densification of the networks. With the evolution of new wireless technologies such as Fifth Generation (5G) and Sixth Generation (6G) mobile networks, the service level requirements have become stricter and more heterogeneous depending on the use case. In this paper, we review a large body of literature on various resource allocation schemes that are used in particular in mobile wireless communication networks and compare the proposed schemes in terms of performance indicators as well as techniques used. Our… More >

Weiqiang Tan^1,*, Quanquan Zhou¹, Weijie Tan², Longcheng Yang³, Chunguo Li⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.137, No.1, pp. 775-787, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.027427 - 23 April 2023

Abstract In this paper, we investigate the end-to-end performance of intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-assisted wireless communication systems. We consider a system in which an IRS is deployed on a uniform planar array (UPA) configuration, including a large number of reflecting elements, where the transmitters and receivers are only equipped with a single antenna. Our objective is to analytically obtain the achievable ergodic rate, outage probability, and bit error rate (BER) of the system. Furthermore, to maximize the system’s signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), we design the phase shift of each reflecting element and derive the optimal reflection phase… More > Graphic Abstract

Omar Ben Bahri^*, Abdullah Alhumaidi Alotaibi

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.1, pp. 1249-1263, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.032677 - 20 January 2023

Abstract Covid-19 is a global crisis and the greatest challenge we have faced. It affects people in different ways. Most infected people develop a mild to moderate form of the disease and recover without hospitalization. This presents a problem in spreading the pandemic with unintentionally manner. Thus, this paper provides a new technique for COVID-19 monitoring remotely and in wide range. The system is based on satellite technology that provides a pivotal solution for wireless monitoring. This mission requires a data collection technique which can be based on drones’ technology. Therefore, the main objective of our More >

V. Satheesh Kumar^1,*, S. Ramesh²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 2191-2200, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.021188 - 05 January 2023

Abstract At 12.8 MHz center frequency, the advanced miniaturized polymer-based planar high quality factor (Q) passive elements embedded bandpass filter works in the L-band. Because most of the demands operate inside the spectrum, the wideband or high-speed operation necessary to enhance must be acquired in microwave frequency ranges. The channel has a quiet, high-performance microfilter with wideband rejection. Capacitors and inductors are used in the high quality factor (Q) passive components, and related networks are incorporated in the filter. Embedded layers are concatenated using Three-Dimensional Integrated Circuit (3D-IC) integration, parasitics are removed, and interconnection losses are More >

Mohamed Hassan Essai Ali^1,*, Fahad Alraddady², Mo’ath Y. Al-Thunaibat³, Shaima Elnazer²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.135, No.1, pp. 755-778, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022246 - 29 September 2022

Abstract For a 5G wireless communication system, a convolutional deep neural network (CNN) is employed to synthesize a robust channel state estimator (CSE). The proposed CSE extracts channel information from transmit-and-receive pairs through offline training to estimate the channel state information. Also, it utilizes pilots to offer more helpful information about the communication channel. The proposed CNN-CSE performance is compared with previously published results for Bidirectional/long short-term memory (BiLSTM/LSTM) NNs-based CSEs. The CNN-CSE achieves outstanding performance using sufficient pilots only and loses its functionality at limited pilots compared with BiLSTM and LSTM-based estimators. Using three different More >

K. Sugapriya^*, S. Omkumar

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.1, pp. 803-818, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.032163 - 29 September 2022

Abstract The antenna plays an essential role in the medical industry. The short-range 5^th Generation (5G) communication can be used for seamless transmission, reception, patient monitoring, sensing and measuring various processes at high speeds. A passive Ultra Wide Band (UWB) antenna, used as a sensor in the measurement of Prothrombin Time (PT) i.e., blood clot is being proposed. The investigated micro-strip patch UWB antenna operating in the frequency range of 3.1 to 10.6 GHz consists of a circular patch with a diamond-shaped slot made of jeans substrate material with good sensing properties is accomplished by adjusting the… More >

Shehab Khan Noor¹, Arif Mawardi Ismail¹, Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin^1,*, Mohamed Nasrun Osman¹, Nurulazlina Ramli², Ali H. Rambe³, J. Iqbal^4,5

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.1, pp. 2239-2259, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.031170 - 22 September 2022

Abstract This article presents the generation of Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) vortex waves with mode 1 using Uniform Circular Array (UCA) antenna. Two different designs, namely, UCA-1 (4-element array antenna) and UCA-2 (8-element array antenna), were designed and fabricated using FR-4 substrate to generate OAM mode 1 at 3.5 GHz (5G mid-band). The proposed antenna arrays comprised rectangular microstrip patch elements with inset fed technique. The elements were excited by a carefully designed feeding phase shift network to provide similar output energy at output ports with desired phase shift value. The generated OAM waves were confirmed… More >