Imran Khan¹, Fahd N. Al-Wesabi², Marwa Obayya³, Anwer Mustafa Hilal⁴, Manar Ahmed Hamza⁴, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁴, Fahad Ahmed Al-Zahrani⁵, Hirofumi Amano⁶, Samih M. Mostafa^7,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 697-715, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021847

Abstract With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the spectrum resources are increasingly strained which needs optimal solutions. Cognitive radio (CR) is one of the key technologies to solve this problem. Spectrum sensing not only includes the precise detection of the communication signal of the primary user (PU), but also the precise identification of its modulation type, which can then determine the a priori information such as the PU’ service category, so as to use this information to make the cognitive user (CU) aware to discover and use the idle spectrum more effectively, and improve the spectrum utilization. Spectrum sensing… More >

Najib Ahmed Mohammed¹, Ali Mohammed Mansoor^1,*, Rodina Binti Ahmad¹, Saaidal Razalli Bin Azzuhri²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.71, No.1, pp. 573-592, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020462

Abstract Mission critical Machine-type Communication (mcMTC), also referred to as Ultra-reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC), has become a research hotspot. It is primarily characterized by communication that provides ultra-high reliability and very low latency to concurrently transmit short commands to a massive number of connected devices. While the reduction in physical (PHY) layer overhead and improvement in channel coding techniques are pivotal in reducing latency and improving reliability, the current wireless standards dedicated to support mcMTC rely heavily on adopting the bottom layers of general-purpose wireless standards and customizing only the upper layers. The mcMTC has a significant technical impact on… More >

Omar A. Saraereh^*, Ashraf Ali

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.3, pp. 5383-5397, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.021724

Abstract With the rapid growth in the number of mobile devices and user connectivity, the demand for higher system capacity and improved quality-of-service is required. As the demand for high-speed wireless communication grows, numerous modulation techniques in the frequency, temporal, and spatial domains, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), time division multiple access (TDMA), space division multiple access (SDMA), and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), are being developed. Along with those approaches, electromagnetic waves’ orbital angular momentum (OAM) is attracting attention because it has the potential to boost the wireless communication capacity. Antenna electromagnetic radiation can be described by a sum of… More >

Abdul Kadir Hamid¹, Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^2,3,*, Nadhem Nemri⁴, Ammar Zahary³, Imran Khan⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 2923-2936, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020309

Abstract With the emergence of 5G mobile multimedia services, end users’ demand for high-speed, low-latency mobile communication network access is increasing. Among them, the device-to-device (D2D) communication is one of the considerable technology. In D2D communication, the data does not need to be relayed and forwarded by the base station, but under the control of the base station, a direct local link is allowed between two adjacent mobile devices. This flexible communication mode reduces the processing bottlenecks and coverage blind spots of the base station, and can be widely used in dense user communication scenarios such as heterogeneous ultra-dense wireless networks.… More >

Abdul Kadir Hamid¹, Lamia Osman Widaa², Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^3,*, Imran Khan⁴, Anwer Mustafa Hilal⁵, Manar Ahmed Hamza⁵, Abu Sarwar Zaman⁵, Mohammed Rizwanullah⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.2, pp. 3751-3762, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.020136

Abstract The emergence of multimedia services has meant a substantial increase in the number of devices in mobile networks and driving the demand for higher data transmission rates. The result is that, cellular networks must technically evolve to support such higher rates, to be equipped with greater capacity, and to increase the spectral and energy efficiency. Compared with 4G technology, the 5G networks are being designed to transmit up to 100 times more data volume with devices whose battery life is 10 times longer. Therefore, this new generation of networks has adopted a heterogeneous and ultra-dense architecture, where different technological advances… More >

Vasaki Ponnusamy^1,*, Mamoona Humayun², N. Z. Jhanjhi³, Aun Yichiet¹, Maram Fahhad Almufareh²

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.40, No.3, pp. 1199-1215, 2022, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.018518

Abstract Internet of Things (IoT) devices work mainly in wireless mediums; requiring different Intrusion Detection System (IDS) kind of solutions to leverage 802.11 header information for intrusion detection. Wireless-specific traffic features with high information gain are primarily found in data link layers rather than application layers in wired networks. This survey investigates some of the complexities and challenges in deploying wireless IDS in terms of data collection methods, IDS techniques, IDS placement strategies, and traffic data analysis techniques. This paper’s main finding highlights the lack of available network traces for training modern machine-learning models against IoT specific intrusions. Specifically, the Knowledge… More >

Korhan Cengiz¹, Imran Baig², Sumit Chakravarty³, Arun Kumar⁴, Mahmoud A. Albreem⁵, Mohammed H. Alsharif⁶, Peerapong Uthansakul^7,*, Jamel Nebhen⁸, Ayman A. Aly⁹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.70, No.1, pp. 2083-2095, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.019578

Abstract Power domain non-orthogonal multiple access combined with a universal filtered multi-carrier (NOMA-UFMC) has the potential to cope with fifth generation (5G) unprecedented challenges. NOMA employs power-domain multiplexing to support several users, whereas UFMC is robust to timing and frequency misalignments. Unfortunately, NOMA-UFMC waveform has a high peak-to-average power (PAPR) issue that creates a negative affect due to multicarrier modulations, rendering it is inefficient for the impending 5G mobile and wireless networks. Therefore, this article seeks to presents a discrete Hartley transform (DHT) pre-coding-based NOMA enabled universal filter multicarrier (UFMC) (DHT-NOMA-UFMC) waveform design for lowering the high PAPR. Additionally, DHT precoding… More >

Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^1,*, Imran Khan², Nadhem Nemri³, Mohammed A. Al-Hagery⁴, Huda G. Iskander⁵, Quang Ngoc Nguyen⁶, Babar Shah⁷, Ki-Il Kim⁸

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.3, pp. 3889-3902, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016218

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is the fourth technological revolution in the global information industry after computers, the Internet, and mobile communication networks. It combines radio-frequency identification devices, infrared sensors, global positioning systems, and various other technologies. Information sensing equipment is connected via the Internet, thus forming a vast network. When these physical devices are connected to the Internet, the user terminal can be extended and expanded to exchange information, communicate with anything, and carry out identification, positioning, tracking, monitoring, and triggering of corresponding events on each device in the network. In real life, the IoT has a wide range… More >

Fahd N. Al-Wesabi^1,2,*, Imran Khan³, Mohammad Alamgeer⁴, Ali M. Al-Sharafi⁵, Bong Jun Choi⁶, Abdallah Aldosary⁷, Ehab Mahmoud Mohamed^8,9

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 301-317, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.018122

Abstract With the rapid development of Internet technology, users have an increasing demand for data. The continuous popularization of traffic-intensive applications such as high-definition video, 3D visualization, and cloud computing has promoted the rapid evolution of the communications industry. In order to cope with the huge traffic demand of today’s users, 5G networks must be fast, flexible, reliable and sustainable. Based on these research backgrounds, the academic community has proposed D2D communication. The main feature of D2D communication is that it enables direct communication between devices, thereby effectively improve resource utilization and reduce the dependence on base stations, so it can… More >

Abu Jahid¹, Mohammed H. Alsharif², Raju Kannadasan³, Mahmoud A. Albreem⁴, Peerapong Uthansakul^5,*, Jamel Nebhen⁶, Ayman A. Aly⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.1, pp. 81-98, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.017711

Abstract The Internet subscribers are expected to increase up to 69.7% (6 billion) from 45.3% and 25 billion Internet-of-things connections by 2025. Thus, the ubiquitous availability of data-hungry smart multimedia devices urges research attention to reduce the energy consumption in the fifth-generation cloud radio access network to meet the future traffic demand of high data rates. We propose a new cell zooming paradigm based on joint transmission (JT) coordinated multipoint to optimize user connection by controlling the cell coverage in the downlink communications with a hybrid power supply. The endeavoring cell zooming technique adjusts the coverage area in a given cluster… More >