Wei TX¹, YH Liu^2,1

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 305-313, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.305

Abstract Soil erosion is one of most serious environmental and production problems on the Loess Plateau in China. The objectives of this study were to quantify the influence of forest vegetation on soil erosion on slope areas in the Loess Plateau. This was made by using the subfactor method to calculate the vegetation cover management factor (C) of the Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE). Proper local subfactor parameter values were obtained to offer a theoretical basis and practical guidance for studying the relationship between vegetation and soil erosion on the Loess Plateau. Three subfactors including prior land use (PLU), canopy cover… More >

Li XL^1,2, YC Wang³, CA Busso⁴, JS Xiang¹, AM Zhang¹, YW Qu¹, Y Liu²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 27-35, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.027

Abstract Long-term continuous cropping of cotton had led to substantial agricultural losses. However, continuous cotton cropping could maintain high crop yields for many years in some areas. The composition and structure of soil nematode communities were investigated to explore the effect of continuous cropping and soil depths on these communities. Soil samples were collected at two soil depths (0-20 cm and 20-40 cm) from cotton fields with a history of 5, 10, 15 or 20 years of continuous cotton cropping in the Karamay region. The results showed that 36 genera were found. Significant differences in the numbers of total nematodes and… More >

Hernández LF^1,2, MV Rosetti¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 291-296, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.291

Abstract The involucral bracts (IB or phyllaries) of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) capitulum constitute an example of photosynthesizing organs that contribute to the photosynthesis budget during the generation of crop yield. The anatomy of IB was analyzed in two domesticated primitive sunflower genotypes, Havasupai and Hopi, in the sunflower line HA89B, in the wild Helianthus annuus ssp. annuus, in the sunflower male-fertile line R013 and in the commercial hybrid DKOP3845. Stomata and trichomes were counted on the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. In all cases, the IB showed a one-layered adaxial and abaxial epidermis, secretory ducts and parenchymatic cells with abundant… More >

Huang YC¹, H Chen¹, WJ Zhao², WD Li¹, HY Yang¹, Y Sun¹, L Wang¹, SH Cao¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 283-290, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.283

Abstract We conducted pot experiments on the cypress Thujopsis dolabrata (Linn. f.) Sieb. et Zucc. in order to study the interaction of silicon (Si) and root exudates on cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in the rhizosphere,. Each variety was planted with 100 mg/kg Cd and/or 400 mg/kg Si for 210 days. The results showed that adding Si increased Cd tolerance in T. dolabrata, but that the mechanism was specifical. In T. dolabrata, Si did not prevent Cd translocation from roots to shoots, and it significantly enhanced Cd accumulation without inhibiting growth. Moreover, Si mobilized Cd from the rhizospheric soil by stimulating phenolic exudation… More >

Wang QL, DH Liu, JY Yue

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 270-282, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.270

Abstract This study aimed to determine the effects of different Cd concentrations (0, 1, 10, 100, and 300 μM CdCl₂) on Allium plantlets. To achieve this goal, we examined the (1) dynamics of Cd²⁺ flux in the rhizosphere, (2) partitioning of Cd between roots and leaves, (3) formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), (4) levels of H₂O₂ and chlorophyll, and (5) translocation of several macro- and micronutrients. A strong net Cd²⁺ influx was observed in the root apex after exposure to 100 μM Cd for 24 h. Exposure to either 1 or 10 μM Cd for 96 h presented no evident… More >

Hassan AMA, EM Mostafa

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 262-269, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.262

Abstract Plants of Azolla caroliniana were treated with different selenium concentrations (0, 1, 2, 5, 7, 10 ppm) for seven days. Selenium (Se) content in Azolla plants increased significantly with increasing Se concentrations in the culture media up to 5 ppm. This indicated that Azolla plants were a good accumulator for Se. Selenium accumulation determined changes in Azolla biomass, doubling time and relative growth rates. Treatment of Azolla plants with low concentrations of Se (1 ppm) resulted in a significant increase in biomass. This was accompanied by a reduction in hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents; the decrease percentages were 78%… More >

Cerna-Chávez E¹, Y Martínez-Martínez², J Landeros-Flores¹, L Aguirre-Uribe¹, V Sánchez-Valdes¹, M Cepeda-Siller¹, O Hernández-Bautista², YM Ochoa-Fuentes^*1

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 256-261, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.256

Abstract Bemisia tabaci (Gennaadius) biotype B is one of the most important pests due to the number of hosts and economic losses it produces. Its control is based on the application of chemicals, which has led to resistance problems. However, the host may also influence the induction of resistance to pesticides. Therefore, the present study evaluated the susceptibility of populations of B. tabaci biotype B developed indifferent hosts to three insecticides belonging to different toxicological groups. Bemisia tabaci biotype B populations were collected and reared in six different hosts (three crops and three associated weeds: Solanum lycopersicum, Solanum nigrum, Phaseolus vulgaris,… More >

Ávila-Rodríguez V¹, CA Vacio-Fraga¹, U Nava-Camberos², C Márquez-Hernández¹, C García de la Peña¹, V Olalde-Portugal³, JL García-Hernández²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 249-255, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.249

Abstract Pecan Carya illinoinensis (Wang.) K. Koch is one of the most important crops in northern Mexico. In the Comarca Lagunera, during 2013, the pecan acre age was 7075 ha, a nut production of 8648 ton, and a value of US$ 29.9 million (US$ 4230/ha). The aphids Monellia caryella Fitch., Monelliopsis pecanis Bissell and Melanocallis caryaefoliae Davis (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are among the most important insect pests associated with the pecan. The objectives of this study were to identify the species of aphids, determine their population dynamics and parasitism, in pecan orchards with different insect pest management programs, in the Comarca Lagunera.… More >

Moshrefi Zarandi D¹, MM Aminaee², S Rezaee³, A Sharzei⁴

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 246-248, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.246

Abstract Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora) is a medicinal plant from the Verbenacea family. Its plantation and medicinal use in Iran has risen greatly in recent years. Crown and root rot symptoms were observed on this plant in some farms and greenhouses of Kerman province during November 2012. The infected plants were taken to the laboratory. Then, samples of infected root tissues were removed and were surface sterilized with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and cultured onto CMA-PARPH medium. Based on morphological features, the isolated fungus was identified as Phytophthora cactorum. Pathogenicity test was performed using inoculated wheat seeds. To our knowledge this is… More >

Chacón-Hernández J¹, E Cerna-Chávez², Y Ochoa-Fuentes², A Hernández-Juárez², L Palacios-Bazaldúa², J Landeros-Flores²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.85, pp. 236-245, 2016, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2016.85.236

Abstract Spatial and vertical distributions, and population !uctuations of Tetranychus urticae and its predator Phytoseiulus persimilis were determined in four varieties of rose (Royal, Samuray, Red Baiser and Keiro) under greenhouse conditions. Nine samples for the pest and 8 samples for the predator were obtained. From 20 September to 18 November 2013, T. urticae and P. persimilis presented an aggregated distribution pattern during most of the sampling dates. At the same time, P. persimilis did not change the vertical distribution of T. urticae. A synchronous behavior between both predator and prey was observed in the four study varieties, although only the… More >