Mohammed Albuaymi¹, Suleiman Abdulrahman^2,3, Fayez Alanazi⁴, Hani Alanazi^1,*, Musa Adamu^5,6

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2433-2451, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.026751

Abstract Pure bitumen is not suitable for heavy traffic loads; hence modifiers are used to improve the bitumen performance. Recently, cup lump rubber (CLR) has become a preferred modifier due to its outstanding performance and less cost. However, little is known about the interactions between CLR and bitumen. Thus, this study investigates the behavior of bitumen with CLR. Four percentages of CLR (2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5%, and 10.0% by weight of bitumen) were used to modify conventional 60/70 penetration grade bitumen. The modified bitumen was evaluated through different laboratory testing such as dynamic shear rheometer, rotational viscosity, softening point, bending beam rheometer,… More >

Hajjar Hartini Wan Jusoh¹, Nor Azman Kasan^2,*, Hidayah Manan², Nurfarahana Mohd Nasir^1,3, Fareza Hanis Mohd Yunos¹, Sofiah Hamzah¹, Ahmad Jusoh^1,2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2321-2332, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.026086

Abstract Implementation of biofloc technology (BFT) system in aquaculture industry shows high productivity, low feed conversion ratio, and an optimum culture environment. This study was divided into two phases. The first phase involved maintaining the water quality using the optimum carbon-to-nitrogen ratio by manipulating pH in culture water. The second phase examined the performance of harvesting biofloc (remaining phytoplankton and suspended solids in the system) using chicken eggshell powder (CESP). This study showed that pH 7 to 8 were the best biofloc performance with high removal percentage of ammonia (>99%) with a remaining ammonia concentration of 0.016 mg L⁻¹ and 0.018… More > Graphic Abstract

Penghui Li^1,2, Zhengwei Jiang², Chi Yang², Jianpeng Ren^1,2, Bo Jiang^1,2, Wenjuan Wu^1,2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2233-2248, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025279

Abstract Lignin is a natural polymer, second only to cellulose in natural reserves. Degradation is one of the ways to achieve the high-value transformation of lignin. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) thermal degradation of lignin can be used as an excellent green degradation method. This paper introduces the degradation mechanism and effect of the lactic acid-choline chloride DES system in dissolving and degrading alkaline lignin, and the final solvent recovery. It can also be found from the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images that the surface of the degraded solid product is transformed from smooth to disordered. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and… More > Graphic Abstract

Xiaoqian Bi¹, Pengfei Guan¹, Ping Li^2,*, Yuan Zhang¹, Xingong Li¹, Yingfeng Zuo^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2399-2415, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.026656

Abstract Sodium silicate modification can improve the overall performance of wood. The modification process has a great influence on the properties of modified wood. In this study, a new method was introduced to analyze the wood modification process, and the properties of modified wood were studied. Poplar wood was modified with sodium silicate by vacuum-pressure impregnation. After screening using single-factor experiments, an orthogonal experiment was carried out with solution concentration, impregnation time, impregnation pressure, and the cycle times as experimental factors. The modified poplar with the best properties was selected by fuzzy mathematics and characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD and TG.… More > Graphic Abstract

Lingling Qin¹, Mengya Zhou¹, Jiahao Yan¹, Ping Duan^1,2,3,4,*, Yingcan Zhu^5,*, Wei Chen⁶, Zuhua Zhang⁷, Aiguo Wang²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2191-2208, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025197

Abstract Montmorillonite and clinoptilolite zeolite were used as representative materials to prepare calcined clay-cement binary cementitious materials in order to study the effect of calcination treatment on the activation of clay minerals and the activity difference between layered and framed clays in this research. The influence of different calcined clay content (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%) on the fluidity, compressive strength, microstructure, phase change, and hydration heat of cement-based materials were analyzed. The calcined clay improves the fluidity of cement-based materials as compared with the uncalcined group. The addition of calcined montmorillonite (CMT) improves the development of mechanical strength, and the… More > Graphic Abstract

Wei Xu^1,2, Ottavia Corbi^3,*, Seithati Mapesela¹, Yue Chen^1,2, Milan Gaff^4,5, Haitao Li^1,2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2143-2169, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.026773

Abstract Wood is a green material in line with the sustainable development strategy. From the excellent performance of engineering wood products, modern wood structures represented by light wood structures have gained more development opportunities. As an indispensable part of light wood structure systems, the wood-frame shear wall plays a vital role in the bearing capacity and earthquake resistance of light wood structure systems. This paper is focused on a review of the lateral performance of wood-frame shear walls and classifies the influencing factors in relevant experimental research into three categories, including internal factors such as shear wall structure, external factors such… More >

Ruaa H. Abbas¹, A. Kadhim^1,*, Azhar M. Haleem²

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2109-2123, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025112

Abstract Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesised with laser ablation of a copper sheet immersed in deionized water (DW), cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), respectively. The target was irradiated with a pulsed Nd: YAG laser at 1064 nm, 600 mJ, a pulse duration of 10 ns, and a repetition rate of 5 Hz. The CuO NPs colloidal were analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer, zeta potential (ZP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The absorption spectra of CuO NPs colloidal showed peaks at 214, 215… More >

Guodong Zeng¹, Chao Li^1,*, Yang Fang¹, Hongming Huang^1,2, Hao Li^1,3, Yishen Xu¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2453-2467, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025871

Abstract For evaluating the water stability of hot-mixed renewable asphalt mixture (HRM), the traditional methods are all tested under still water conditions. Except for damage in still water conditions, the hydrodynamic pore pressure generated by the tire driving on the surface water has a great impact. Thus, the RAP contents of the HRMs were designed at 0%, 30%, 45% and 60% with AC-25 gradation. Then, the self-designed evaluation methods of water stability and dynamic modulus were studied. Finally, the mechanism of the influence of hydrodynamic pore pressure damage on HRMs was studied. The results show that the water stability of HRM… More >

Yafei Hu^1,2, Keqing Li^1,2, Lujing Zheng³, Bin Han^1,2,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.5, pp. 2491-2511, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.025129

Abstract Tailings known as solid waste are generated by the mining industry. The development of tailings as wet shotcrete aggregates has significant economic and environmental benefits. The fine particle size of the tailings results in a large consumption of traditional cement as a cementitious material and insignificant improvement in strength. Therefore, a composite cementitious system of cement and solid waste resources (fly ash and slag powder) is explored for this study. In this paper, the response surface methodology (RSM) is used to optimize the experimental design and a multivariate nonlinear response model with cement, fly ash and slag powder contents as… More >

Tobias Drieschner^1,2,*, Andreas Kandelbauer¹, Bernd Hitzmann², Karsten Rebner¹

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.11, No.4, pp. 1643-1660, 2023, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2023.024429

Abstract For optimization of production processes and product quality, often knowledge of the factors influencing the process outcome is compulsory. Thus, process analytical technology (PAT) that allows deeper insight into the process and results in a mathematical description of the process behavior as a simple function based on the most important process factors can help to achieve higher production efficiency and quality. The present study aims at characterizing a well-known industrial process, the transesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methanol to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) for usage as biodiesel in a continuous micro reactor set-up. To this end, a… More >