David Kombi Kaviriri^1,3,4,#, Xiaoting Liu^1,#, Zuoyi Fan^2,#, Jingyuan Wang², Qi Wang², Lianfu Wang², Lixing Wang², Damase Khasa⁵, Xiyang Zhao^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.1, pp. 57-69, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08409

Abstract Genetic parameters were evaluated for growth and cone characteristics (tree height, diameter at breast height, volume, cone number, thousand seeds weight and single cone seeds weight) on 86 half-sib families of Pinus koraiensis aged 31 years. Analyses of variance revealed significant differences (p < 0.001) in all growth and cone traits among families while no significant differences were detected among blocks and the interaction between blocks and families. The average family values for growth traits were 17.22 m, 8.67 cm and 0.43 m3 for tree height, diameter at breast height and volume, respectively. The average cone number, thousand seeds weight… More >

Ning Xuan¹, Hua Zhang¹, Xu Liu¹, Qiang Guo¹, Jian Liu², Fangyin Yao^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.1, pp. 45-55, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08548

Abstract Rice blast disease is one of the most devastating diseases of rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae (M. oryzae), and neck blast is the most destructive phase of this illness. The underlying molecular mechanisms of rice blast resistance are not well known. Thus, we collected 150 rice varieties from different ecotypes in China and assessed the rice blast resistances under the natural conditions that favoured disease development in Jining, Shandong Province, China in 2017. Results showed that 92 (61.3%) and 58 (38.7%) rice varieties were resistant and susceptible to M. oryzae, respectively. Among the 150 rice… More >

Aarón Giovanni Munguía-Rodríguez^1,2, José López-Bucio¹, Gerardo Rangel Sánchez^1,2, León Francisco Ruiz-Herrera¹, Yazmín Carreón-Abud², Miguel Martínez-Trujillo^2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.1, pp. 35-43, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.07835

Abstract The post-embryonic growth of the Arabidopsis thaliana root system can be modified by different types of stress, such as sublethal concentrations of metals, which may induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, the effects of different concentrations of potassium chromate (K_₂CrO₄) on the distribution and relative quantity of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) were determined in primary and adventitious roots in A. thaliana HyPer line seedlings. This line has a biosensor that specifically reports H₂O₂ levels within tissues as fluorescence. Primary root growth was inhibited at 100 μM Cr (VI); in contrast, adventitious root formation was induced over… More >

Dandan Wang^1,#, Yulin Guo^1,#, Xiaofei Long¹, Yan Pan¹, Dingjie Yang¹, Rui Li¹, Ye Lu¹, Ying Chen^1,2, Jisen Shi¹, Jinhui Chen^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.1, pp. 27-34, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.08971

Abstract In order to study how exogenous hormones in C. lanceolata (gymnosperm) regulate somatic embryogenesis, we measured the endogenous phytohormones of two genotypes with different somatic embryogenesis efficiency and found that an increase in endogenous concentrations of IAA and ABA may be correlated to more efficient somatic embryogenesis. By applying exogenous spermidine, we found that exogenous hormones may affect somatic embryogenesis efficiency through affecting the endogenous phytohormone content. Based on these results, further studies can be conducted whereby the concentration of exogenous hormones or the levels of endogenous phytohormones by molecular methods are regulated to promote somatic embryogenesis. Our research may… More >

Weiwei Lu^1,*, Yirui Zhang¹, Yixian Yao¹, Yuying Wu¹, Han Y. H. Chen², Hailin Zhang³, Jia Yu⁴, Caiqin Shen⁵, Qi Liu⁶, Honghua Ruan^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.1, pp. 13-26, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09125

Abstract The priming effect (PE) induced by biochar provides a basis for evaluating its carbon (C) sequestration potential in soils. A 60 days’ laboratory incubation was conducted, which involved the amendment of biochar (1% of soil mass) produced from rice straw at 300ºC (B300) and 500ºC (B500) to young (Y) and old (O) poplar plantation soils, with the aim of studying the responses of biochar-induced PEs to poplar plantation ages. This incubation included six treatments: Y + CK (control), Y + B300, Y + B500, O + CK, O + B300, and O + B500. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions were significantly… More >

Ping Li^*, Huanhuan Ni, Songbei Ying, Jiali Wei, Xiangyang Hu

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.89, No.1, pp. 1-12, 2020, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2020.09817

Abstract Primary seed dormancy is a critical trait for sustainable agricultural development, ensuring seed germination under favorable conditions. The induction, maintenance and release of seed dormancy is a complicated physiological process that is strictly controlled by a variety of endogenous signals and environmental factors. In Arabidopsis, DOG1 (DELAY OF GERMINATION 1) is identi- fied as the main quantitative trait locus (QTL) of seed dormancy, which contributes to deep dormancy in the Cvi ecotype. In recent years, considerable progress has been made to elucidate the molecular regulatory mechanism by which DOG1 controls seed dormancy. In this review, we describe a series of… More >

Yanlong Zhang¹, Baoli Yin¹, Yue Cao¹, Yang Liu^{1 , *}, Hong Li¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 1081-1098, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.07822

Abstract In this article, a high-order scheme, which is formulated by combining the quadratic finite element method in space with a second-order time discrete scheme, is developed for looking for the numerical solution of a two-dimensional nonlinear time fractional thermal diffusion model. The time Caputo fractional derivative is approximated by using the L2 -1 _σ formula, the first-order derivative and nonlinear term are discretized by some second-order approximation formulas, and the quadratic finite element is used to approximate the spatial direction. The error accuracy O(h ³ + ∆t ² ) is obtained, which is verified by the numerical results. More >

Roberto Bellas^{1, *}, Javier Martínez¹, Ignacio Rivera², Ramón Touza², Miguel Gómez¹, Rafael Carreño¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 971-995, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.07530

Abstract The study of emergency evacuation in public spaces, buildings and large ships may present parallel characteristic in terms of complexity of the layout but there are also significant differences that can hindering passengers to reach muster stations or the lifeboats. There are many hazards on a ship that can cause an emergency evacuation, the most severe result in loss of lives. Providing safe and effective evacuation of passengers from ships in an emergency situation becomes critical. Recently, computer simulation has become an indispensable technology in various fields, among them, the evacuation models that recently evolved incorporating human behavioral factors. In… More >

Xiaofeng Yang^{1, *}, Yanhong Li¹, Aiguo Nie¹, Sheng Zhi², Liyuan Liu³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 1141-1157, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.08538

Abstract Supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO₂) jet rock breaking is a nonlinear impact dynamics problem involving many factors. Considering the complexity of the physical properties of the Sc-CO₂ jet and the mesh distortion problem in dealing with large deformation problems using the finite element method, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method is used to simulate and analyze the rock breaking process by Sc-CO₂ jet based on the derivation of the jet velocity-density evolution mathematical model. The results indicate that there exisits an optimal rock breaking temperature by Sc-CO₂. The volume and length of the rock fracture increase with the rising of the… More >

Bingxiao Du¹, Yong Zhao^{1, *}, Wen Yao², Xuan Wang³, Senlin Huo¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.122, No.3, pp. 1119-1140, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2020.08859

Abstract A general and new explicit isogeometric topology optimisation approach with moving morphable voids (MMV) is proposed. In this approach, a novel multiresolution scheme with two distinct discretisation levels is developed to obtain high-resolution designs with a relatively low computational cost. Ersatz material model based on Greville abscissae collocation scheme is utilised to represent both the Young’s modulus of the material and the density field. Two benchmark examples are tested to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Numerical results show that high-resolution designs can be obtained with relatively low computational cost, and the optimisation can be significantly improved without introducing… More >