Lei Tian, Liuchao Qiu^*, Jingjun Li, Yongsen Yang

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.2, pp. 154-170, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.08701

Abstract In recent decades, the utilization of waste tires, plastic and artificial shale ceramsite as alternative fine aggregate to make self-compacting concrete (SCC) has been recognized as an eco-friendly and sustainable method to manufacture renewable construction materials. In this study, three kinds of recycled aggregates: recycled tire rubber particles, wood-plastic particles, artificial shale ceramsite were used to replace the sand by different volume (5%, 10%, 20% and 30%), and their effects on the fresh and hardened properties of SCC were investigated. The slump flow and V-funnel tests were conducted to evaluate the fresh properties of modified-SCC mixtures. The hardened properties include… More >

Xianglong Lu¹, Tianshui Yu¹, Hailing Wang¹, Ruichun Luo², Pan Liu², Songliu Yuan¹, Lihua Qian^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.2, pp. 133-151, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.08650

Abstract Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in neutral medium suffers from slow kinetics as compared to that in alkaline or acidic conditions, owing to larger Ohmic loss and low proton concentration. Here we report that a self-supported nanoporous Au-SnO_x (NP Au-SnO_x) catalyst with gradient tin oxide surface could significantly enhance HER activity in neutral buffer solution (0.2 M PBS). The NP Au-SnO_x catalyst exhibits a low onset overpotential of 38 mV and a small Tafel slope of 79 mV dec⁻¹ . The current density of 10 mA cm⁻² is manifested at an overpotential as low as 148 mV, representing the comparable performance… More >

Refat Hassan^1,*, Hideo Takagi², Samia Ibrahim³

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.2, pp. 205-218, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.08530

Abstract A spectrophotometric investigation of oxidation of chondroitin-4-sulfate (CS) as a sustainable and biodegradable sulfated macromolecule by oxyanion permanganate ion as multi-equivalent oxidant in acid perchlorate solutions at a constant ionic strength of 2.0 mol dm^-3 has been studied. The experimental results on the influence of the concentration of the reactants the reaction rates revealed first-order dependence in MnO₄^– , fractional second-order in [CS] and fractional first-order with respect to the hydrogen ion concentration. The hydrogen acid concentration dependence of the rate constants indicated that the oxidation rates were increased with increasing the acid concentration which means that the oxidation reaction… More >

Ruyuan Yang¹, Chaokun Hong², Xiaofeng Zhang¹, Quan Yuan³, Youfu Sun^1,*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.2, pp. 113-132, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.08190

Abstract In order to enhance the bearing capacity of structural components, save materials, and reduce cost, a glued laminated timber (glulam) I-beam that is theoretically suitable for engineering application was proposed. In this study, 18 glulam specimens were fabricated using larch dimension lumber and resorcinol– formaldehyde resin. Four-point bending tests were carried out to compare the ultimate bearing capacity, strain, and deflection of various specimens. The results showed that: (1) The typical failure mode at bending is the web shear failure parallel to grain. Before the failure, cracks and sounds appear at the beam web, which represent the sudden brittle failure.… More >

Brody A. Frost, E. Johan Foster^*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.8, No.2, pp. 187-203, 2020, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2020.07940

Abstract As the world's population exponentially grows, so does the need for the production of food, with cereal production growing annually from an estimated 1.0 billion to 2.5 billion tons within the last few decades. This rapid growth in food production results in an ever increasing amount of agricultural wastes, of which already occupies nearly 50% of the total landfill area. For example, is the billions of dry tons of cellulose-containing spent coffee grounds disposed in landfills annually. This paper seeks to provide a method for isolating cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from spent coffee grounds, in order to recycle and utilize the… More >

Zhong Liu^{1, 2}, Xin’an Wang¹, Chengjun Sun¹, Ken Lu³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.62, No.3, pp. 1487-1487, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.04597

Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

Sadeeq Jan¹, Imran Maqsood², Salman Ahmed^{3, *}, Zahid Wadud³, Iftikhar Ahmad⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.62, No.3, pp. 1473-1486, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.08917

Abstract The use of electronic communication has been significantly increased over the last few decades. Email is one of the most well-known means of electronic communication. Traditional email applications are widely used by a large population; however, illiterate and semi-illiterate people face challenges in using them. A major population of Pakistan is illiterate that has little or no practice of computer usage. In this paper, we investigate the challenges of using email applications by illiterate and semiilliterate people. In addition, we also propose a solution by developing an application tailored to the needs of illiterate/semi-illiterate people. Research shows that illiterate people… More >

M. Vilasini^{1, *}, P. Ramamoorthy²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.62, No.3, pp. 1445-1472, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.08857

Abstract Leaf species identification leads to multitude of societal applications. There is enormous research in the lines of plant identification using pattern recognition. With the help of robust algorithms for leaf identification, rural medicine has the potential to reappear as like the previous decades. This paper discusses CNN based approaches for Indian leaf species identification from white background using smartphones. Variations of CNN models over the features like traditional shape, texture, color and venation apart from the other miniature features of uniformity of edge patterns, leaf tip, margin and other statistical features are explored for efficient leaf classification. More >

Jieren Cheng^{1, 2}, Junqi Li^{2, *}, Xiangyan Tang², Victor S. Sheng³, Chen Zhang², Mengyang Li²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.62, No.3, pp. 1423-1443, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.06176

Abstract Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack has become one of the most destructive network attacks which can pose a mortal threat to Internet security. Existing detection methods cannot effectively detect early attacks. In this paper, we propose a detection method of DDoS attacks based on generalized multiple kernel learning (GMKL) combining with the constructed parameter R. The super-fusion feature value (SFV) and comprehensive degree of feature (CDF) are defined to describe the characteristic of attack flow and normal flow. A method for calculating R based on SFV and CDF is proposed to select the combination of kernel function and regularization… More >

Zhiqiang Li^{1, *}, Wei Zhang¹, Gaoman Zhang¹, Juan Dai¹, Jiajia Hu¹, Marek Perkowski², Xiaoyu Song²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.62, No.3, pp. 1413-1421, 2020, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2020.07483

Abstract In this paper, we do research on generating unitary matrices for quantum circuits automatically. We consider that quantum circuits are divided into six types, and the unitary operator expressions for each type are offered. Based on this, we propose an algorithm for computing the circuit unitary matrices in detail. Then, for quantum logic circuits composed of quantum logic gates, a faster method to compute unitary matrices of quantum circuits with truth table is introduced as a supplement. Finally, we apply the proposed algorithm to different reversible benchmark circuits based on NCT library (including NOT gate, Controlled-NOT gate, Toffoli gate) and… More >