Sadiq Akbar¹, Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja^2,*, Naveed Ishtiaq Chaudhary³, Fawad Zaman⁴, Hani Alquhayz⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 2529-2543, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016097 - 13 April 2021

Abstract For the last few decades, the parameter estimation of electromagnetic plane waves i.e., far field sources, impinging on antenna array geometries has attracted a lot of researchers due to their use in radar, sonar and under water acoustic environments. In this work, nature inspired heuristics based on the flower pollination algorithm (FPA) is designed for the estimation problem of amplitude and direction of arrival of far field sources impinging on uniform linear array (ULA). Using the approximation in mean squared error sense, a fitness function of the problem is developed and the strength of the… More >

Hamid A. Jalab^1,*, Rabha W. Ibrahim², Ali M. Hasan³, Faten Khalid Karim⁴, Ala’a R. Al-Shamasneh¹, Dumitru Baleanu^5,6,7

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 1467-1483, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016047 - 13 April 2021

Abstract The enhancement of medical images is a challenging research task due to the unforeseeable variation in the quality of the captured images. The captured images may present with low contrast and low visibility, which might influence the accuracy of the diagnosis process. To overcome this problem, this paper presents a new fractional integral entropy (FITE) that estimates the unforeseeable probabilities of image pixels, posing as the main contribution of the paper. The proposed model dynamically enhances the image based on the image contents. The main advantage of FITE lies in its capability to enhance the… More >

Huy Hung Tran^1,2, Khoa Nguyen-Dang^1,2,*, Niamat Hussain³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 2487-2498, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016027 - 13 April 2021

Abstract A single-layer design of non-uniform metasurface (MS) based circularly polarized (CP) antenna with wideband operation characteristic is proposed and investigated in this paper. The antenna is excited by a truncated corner squared patch as a primary radiating CP source. Then, a non-uniform MS is placed in the same layer with the driven patch. Besides increasing the impedance bandwidth, the non-uniform MS also generates two additional CP bands in the high frequency band, leading to significantly increase the antenna’s overall performances. The use of non-uniform MS distinguishes our design from the other CP MS based antennas… More >

Ayat Alrosan¹, Waleed Alomoush², Mohammed Alswaitti^3,*, Khalid Alissa⁴, Shahnorbanun Sahran⁵, Sharif Naser Makhadmeh⁶, Kamal Alieyan⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 1575-1593, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015925 - 13 April 2021

Abstract Fuzzy C-means (FCM) is a clustering method that falls under unsupervised machine learning. The main issues plaguing this clustering algorithm are the number of the unknown clusters within a particular dataset and initialization sensitivity of cluster centres. Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) is a type of swarm algorithm that strives to improve the members’ solution quality as an iterative process with the utilization of particular kinds of randomness. However, ABC has some weaknesses, such as balancing exploration and exploitation. To improve the exploration process within the ABC algorithm, the mean artificial bee colony (MeanABC) by its… More >

Bakhtawar Aslam¹, Ziyad Awadh Alrowaili², Bushra Khaliq¹, Jaweria Manzoor¹, Saira Raqeeb¹, Fahad Ahmad^3,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 2159-2178, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015922 - 13 April 2021

Abstract The concept of classification through deep learning is to build a model that skillfully separates closely-related images dataset into different classes because of diminutive but continuous variations that took place in physical systems over time and effect substantially. This study has made ozone depletion identification through classification using Faster Region-Based Convolutional Neural Network (F-RCNN). The main advantage of F-RCNN is to accumulate the bounding boxes on images to differentiate the depleted and non-depleted regions. Furthermore, image classification’s primary goal is to accurately predict each minutely varied case’s targeted classes in the dataset based on ozone… More >

Zainab Nayyar¹, Muhammad Attique Khan¹, Musaed Alhussein², Muhammad Nazir¹, Khursheed Aurangzeb², Yunyoung Nam^3,*, Seifedine Kadry⁴, Syed Irtaza Haider²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 2041-2056, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015916 - 13 April 2021

Abstract Artificial intelligence aids for healthcare have received a great deal of attention. Approximately one million patients with gastrointestinal diseases have been diagnosed via wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE). Early diagnosis facilitates appropriate treatment and saves lives. Deep learning-based techniques have been used to identify gastrointestinal ulcers, bleeding sites, and polyps. However, small lesions may be misclassified. We developed a deep learning-based best-feature method to classify various stomach diseases evident in WCE images. Initially, we use hybrid contrast enhancement to distinguish diseased from normal regions. Then, a pretrained model is fine-tuned, and further training is done via More >

Rihem Farkh^1,2, Haykel Marouani^1,*, Khaled Al Jaloud¹, Saad Alhuwaimel³, Mohammad Tabrez Quasim⁴, Yasser Fouad¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 2189-2203, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015906 - 13 April 2021

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has shown that there is a lack of healthcare facilities to cope with a pandemic. This has also underscored the immediate need to rapidly develop hospitals capable of dealing with infectious patients and to rapidly change in supply lines to manufacture the prescription goods (including medicines) that is needed to prevent infection and treatment for infected patients. The COVID-19 has shown the utility of intelligent autonomous robots that assist human efforts to combat a pandemic. The artificial intelligence based on neural networks and deep learning can help to fight COVID-19 in many… More >

Hegazy Rezk^1,2, Irik Z. Mukhametzyanov³, Mujahed Al-Dhaifallah^4,*, Hamdy A. Ziedan⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 2001-2027, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015895 - 13 April 2021

Abstract Several models of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) have identified the optimal alternative electrical energy sources to supply certain load in an isolated region in Al-Minya City, Egypt. The load demand consists of water pumping system with a water desalination unit. Various options containing three different power sources: only DG, PV-B system, and hybrid PV-DG-B, two different sizes of reverse osmosis (RO) units; RO-250 and RO-500, two strategies of energy management; load following (LF) and cycle charging (CC), and two sizes of DG; 5 and 10 kW were taken into account. Eight attributes, including operating cost, renewable… More >

Miguel-Angel Sicilia^1,*, Elena García-Barriocanal¹, Marçal Mora-Cantallops¹, Salvador Sánchez-Alonso¹, Lino González²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 1661-1672, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015874 - 13 April 2021

Abstract Existing studies have challenged the current definition of named bacterial species, especially in the case of highly recombinogenic bacteria. This has led to considering the use of computational procedures to examine potential bacterial clusters that are not identified by species naming. This paper describes the use of sequence data obtained from MLST databases as input for a k-means algorithm extended to deal with housekeeping gene sequences as a metric of similarity for the clustering process. An implementation of the k-means algorithm has been developed based on an existing source code implementation, and it has been More >

Watcharaphon Naktong¹, Amnoiy Ruengwaree^1,*, Nuchanart Fhafhiem², Piyaporn Krachodnok³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.68, No.2, pp. 1731-1750, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015843 - 13 April 2021

Abstract In this paper, the design of a resonator rectenna, based on metamaterials and capable of harvesting radio-frequency energy at 2.45 GHz to power any low-power devices, is presented. The proposed design uses a simple and inexpensive circuit consisting of a microstrip patch antenna with a mushroom-like electromagnetic band gap (EBG), partially reflective surface (PRS) structure, rectifier circuit, voltage multiplier circuit, and 2.45 GHz Wi-Fi module. The mushroom-like EBG sheet was fabricated on an FR4 substrate surrounding the conventional patch antenna to suppress surface waves so as to enhance the antenna performance. Furthermore, the antenna performance More >