Open Access
ARTICLE
DNA methylation and alternative splicing modulate FBXW11 gene expression in Holstein bull testis and are correlated with sperm quality
YONG LIU1,2,#, ZHIHUA JU1,#, QIANG JIANG1, WENHAO LIU1, CHUNHONG YANG1, YARAN ZHANG1, XIUGE WANG1, YAPING GAO1, XIAOCHAO WEI1, YAN SUN1, JINPENG WANG1, MINGHAI HOU1, LING YANG2, JINMING HUANG1,*
1 Dairy Cattle Research Center, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, 250100, China
2 College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, 056021, China
* Address correspondence to: Jinming Huang,
# These authors contributed equally to this study
BIOCELL 2021, 45(1), 79-87. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2021.013583
Received 12 August 2020; Accepted 25 September 2020; Issue published 26 January 2021
Abstract
F-box and WD-40 domain protein 11 (FBXW11) is an important component of the E3 ubiquitin-ligase enzyme
that plays a key role in the ubiquitin-dependent regulation of spermatogenesis. In our previous research, the mRNA
expression of FBXW11 in bull sperm with high motility is significantly higher than that with low motility. In the
present study, the protein expression levels of FBXW11 in bull testicular tissues with low-performance sperm quality
groups were significantly higher than those in normal performance groups. The immunohistochemistry result
demonstrated that FBXW11 protein was located in the periphery of Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules. Three
splice variants of the FBXW11 gene, namely, FBXW11-tv1, FBXW11-tv2, and FBXW11-tv3, were identified in
testicular tissues. The splicing patterns of the three variants are exon skipping. The transcript FBXW11-tv2
expressions were the highest in each sample. The low-performance groups displayed higher FBXW11-tv1 and
FBXW11-tv2 transcript expressions than the normal performance groups. Two CpG islands were located within the 5’
UTR and exon 1-2 region of the FBXW11 gene. Bisulfite sequencing PCR results demonstrated that the methylation
levels of 11 methylation sites in the CpG island 2 from −99 to −43 in the normal performance groups were
significantly lower than those in the low-performance groups. Pearson correlation analysis suggested that the CpG
island 2 methylation level was negatively correlated with sperm motility and the transcript FBXW11-tv2 expression
level. Our data revealed that alternative splicing and DNA methylation jointly regulated FBXW11 gene expression and
were correlated with sperm quality traits during spermatogenesis in Holsteins.
Keywords
Cite This Article
LIU, Y., JU, Z., JIANG, Q., LIU, W., YANG, C. et al. (2021). DNA methylation and alternative splicing modulate FBXW11 gene expression in Holstein bull testis and are correlated with sperm quality.
BIOCELL, 45(1), 79–87.