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Epigenetic regulation−The guardian of cellular homeostasis and lineage commitment
KAVITHA GOVARTHANAN1,*, PIYUSH KUMAR GUPTA2, BINITA ZIPPORAHE1, REKHA GAHTORI3, SOUMYA PANDIT2, RAM PRASAD4,*
1 Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, 600036, India
2 Department of Life Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201310, India
3 Department of Biotechnology, Campus–Bhimtal, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, 263136, India 4 Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India
* Address correspondence to: Kavitha Govarthanan, ; Ram Prasad,
(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Stem Cells, Protein Therapeutics, and Regenerative Medicine)
BIOCELL 2021, 45(3), 501-515. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2021.014441
Received 27 September 2020; Accepted 06 January 2021; Issue published 03 March 2021
Abstract
Stem cells constitute the source of cells that replenishes the worn out or damaged cells in our tissue and enable
the tissue to carry out the destined function. Tissue-specific stem cells are compartmentalized in a niche, which keeps the
stem cells under quiescent condition. Thus, understanding the molecular events driving the successful differentiation of
stem cells into several lineages is essential for its better manipulation of human applications. Given the developmental
aspects of the cell, the cellular function is greatly dependent on the epigenomics signature that in turn governs the
expression profile of the cell. The stable inheritance of the epigenome is crucial for the development, modulation, and
maintenance of the cell and its complex tissue-specific function. Emerging evidence suggesting that stem cell
chromatin comprises a specialized state in which self-renewing genes and its downstream lineage-specific genes are
kept paralleled poised for activation. Thus, the epigenetic regulatory network and pathway dictate lineage
commitment and differentiation. It mainly modifies the chromatin landscape to facilitate euchromatin and
heterochromatin architecture, which in turn alters the accessibility of transcription factors to the gene loci. DNA
methylation and histone marks are the two widely studied epigenetic modifications regulating the transcriptome
profile of a specific lineage. Abnormalities in the epigenetic landscape lead to diseases or disorders. Here, we
emphasize the prominence of the epigenetic network and its regulation in normal tissue functioning and in the
diseased state. Furthermore, we highlighted the emerging role of epigenetic modifiers in lineage differentiation and
epigenetic markers as novel druggable targets for cancer therapy.
Keywords
Cite This Article
APA Style
GOVARTHANAN, K., GUPTA, P.K., ZIPPORAHE, B., GAHTORI, R., PANDIT, S. et al. (2021). Epigenetic regulation−the guardian of cellular homeostasis and lineage commitment. BIOCELL, 45(3), 501-515. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2021.014441
Vancouver Style
GOVARTHANAN K, GUPTA PK, ZIPPORAHE B, GAHTORI R, PANDIT S, PRASAD R. Epigenetic regulation−the guardian of cellular homeostasis and lineage commitment. BIOCELL . 2021;45(3):501-515 https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2021.014441
IEEE Style
K. GOVARTHANAN, P.K. GUPTA, B. ZIPPORAHE, R. GAHTORI, S. PANDIT, and R. PRASAD "Epigenetic regulation−The guardian of cellular homeostasis and lineage commitment," BIOCELL , vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 501-515. 2021. https://doi.org/10.32604/biocell.2021.014441
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