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Building Regulatory Confidence with Human-in-the-Loop AI in Paperless GMP Validation

Manaliben Amin^*

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.8, pp. 1-18, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jai.2026.073895 - 07 January 2026
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Artificial Intelligence for Engineering and Sciences)
Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI) is steadily making its way into pharmaceutical validation, where it promises faster documentation, smarter testing strategies, and better handling of deviations. These gains are attractive, but in a regulated environment speed is never enough. Regulators want assurance that every system is reliable, that decisions are explainable, and that human accountability remains central. This paper sets out a Human-in-the-Loop (HITL) AI approach for Computer System Validation (CSV) and Computer Software Assurance (CSA). It relies on explainable AI (XAI) tools but keeps structured human review in place, so automation can be used without creating… More >

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A Comprehensive Overview and Comparative Analysis on Deep Learning Models

Farhad Mortezapour Shiri^*, Thinagaran Perumal, Norwati Mustapha, Raihani Mohamed

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.6, pp. 301-360, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jai.2024.054314
Abstract Deep learning (DL) has emerged as a powerful subset of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), outperforming traditional ML methods, especially in handling unstructured and large datasets. Its impact spans across various domains, including speech recognition, healthcare, autonomous vehicles, cybersecurity, predictive analytics, and more. However, the complexity and dynamic nature of real-world problems present challenges in designing effective deep learning models. Consequently, several deep learning models have been developed to address different problems and applications. In this article, we conduct a comprehensive survey of various deep learning models, including Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), Recurrent… More >

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2632

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ARTICLE

Detection of Student Engagement in E-Learning Environments Using EfficientnetV2-L Together with RNN-Based Models

Farhad Mortezapour Shiri^1,*, Ehsan Ahmadi², Mohammadreza Rezaee¹, Thinagaran Perumal¹

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.6, pp. 85-103, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jai.2024.048911
Abstract Automatic detection of student engagement levels from videos, which is a spatio-temporal classification problem is crucial for enhancing the quality of online education. This paper addresses this challenge by proposing four novel hybrid end-to-end deep learning models designed for the automatic detection of student engagement levels in e-learning videos. The evaluation of these models utilizes the DAiSEE dataset, a public repository capturing student affective states in e-learning scenarios. The initial model integrates EfficientNetV2-L with Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and attains an accuracy of 61.45%. Subsequently, the second model combines EfficientNetV2-L with bidirectional GRU (Bi-GRU), yielding More >

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1589

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ARTICLE

Hybrid Task Scheduling Algorithm for Makespan Optimisation in Cloud Computing: A Performance Evaluation

Abdulrahman M. Abdulghani^*

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.6, pp. 241-259, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jai.2024.056259
Abstract Cloud computing has rapidly evolved into a critical technology, seamlessly integrating into various aspects of daily life. As user demand for cloud services continues to surge, the need for efficient virtualization and resource management becomes paramount. At the core of this efficiency lies task scheduling, a complex process that determines how tasks are allocated and executed across cloud resources. While extensive research has been conducted in the area of task scheduling, optimizing multiple objectives simultaneously remains a significant challenge due to the NP (Non-deterministic Polynomial) Complete nature of the problem. This study aims to address… More >

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1070

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ARTICLE

A Unified U-Net-Vision Mamba Model with Hierarchical Bottleneck Attention for Detection of Tomato Leaf Diseases

Geoffry Mutiso^*, John Ndia

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.7, pp. 275-288, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jai.2025.069768
（This article belongs to the Special Issue: Advances in Artificial Intelligence for Engineering and Sciences)
Abstract Tomato leaf diseases significantly reduce crop yield; therefore, early and accurate disease detection is required. Traditional detection methods are laborious and error-prone, particularly in large-scale farms, whereas existing hybrid deep learning models often face computational inefficiencies and poor generalization over diverse environmental and disease conditions. This study presents a unified U-Net-Vision Mamba Model with Hierarchical Bottleneck Attention Mechanism (U-net-Vim-HBAM), which integrates U-Net’s high-resolution segmentation, Vision Mamba’s efficient contextual processing, and a Hierarchical Bottleneck Attention Mechanism to address the challenges of disease detection accuracy, computational complexity, and efficiency in existing models. The model was trained on More >

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7195

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ARTICLE

Innovative Concrete Cube Failure Mode Detection Using Image Processing and Machine Learning for Sustainable Construction Practices

Meenakshi S. Patil^1,*, Rajesh B. Ghongade², Hemant B. Dhonde³

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.7, pp. 289-300, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jai.2025.069500
Abstract This study seeks to establish a novel, semi-automatic system that utilizes Industry 4.0 principles to effectively determine both acceptable and rejectable concrete cubes with regard to their failure modes, significantly contributing to the dependability of concrete quality evaluations. The study utilizes image processing and machine learning (ML) methods, namely object detection models such as YOLOv8 and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), to evaluate images of concrete cubes. These models are trained and validated on an extensive database of annotated images from real-world and laboratory conditions. Preliminary results indicate a good performance in the classification of concrete More >

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2631

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Life Cycle-Based Sustainability Assessment and Circularity Mapping for Packaging Materials: Integrating Artificial Intelligence

Ragava Raja R^1,2,*, Girish Khanna R³

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.7, pp. 301-327, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jai.2025.069693
Abstract Packaging materials are indispensable in modern industries but also significantly contribute to environmental degradation, resource consumption, and waste generation. This systematic review critically assesses the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) following ISO 14040 standards, and circularity mapping to overcome sustainability barriers in packaging. The study identifies environmental, economic, and social hotspots across the life cycle stages of packaging materials by examining real-world case studies such as Coca-Cola’s adoption of recycled PET bottles and Unilever’s commitment to 100% recyclable plastic. AI technologies highlight transformative tools for optimising resource allocation, enhancing waste… More >

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2220

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A Deep Learning Model for Insurance Claims Predictions

Umar Isa Abdulkadir^*, Anil Fernando^*

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.6, pp. 71-83, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jai.2024.045332
Abstract One of the significant issues the insurance industry faces is its ability to predict future claims related to individual policyholders. As risk varies from one policyholder to another, the industry has faced the challenge of using various risk factors to accurately predict the likelihood of claims by policyholders using historical data. Traditional machine-learning models that use neural networks are recognized as exceptional algorithms with predictive capabilities. This study aims to develop a deep learning model using sequential deep regression techniques for insurance claim prediction using historical data obtained from Kaggle with 1339 cases and eight… More >

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2618

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ARTICLE

A Performance Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for Credit Card Fraud Detection

Ayesha Aslam¹, Adil Hussain^2,*

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.6, pp. 1-21, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jai.2024.047226
Abstract With the increased accessibility of global trade information, transaction fraud has become a major worry in global banking and commerce security. The incidence and magnitude of transaction fraud are increasing daily, resulting in significant financial losses for both customers and financial professionals. With improvements in data mining and machine learning in computer science, the capacity to detect transaction fraud is becoming increasingly attainable. The primary goal of this research is to undertake a comparative examination of cutting-edge machine-learning algorithms developed to detect credit card fraud. The research looks at the efficacy of these machine learning… More >

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1927

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Natural Language Processing with Transformer-Based Models: A Meta-Analysis

Charles Munyao^*, John Ndia

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.7, pp. 329-346, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jai.2025.069226
Abstract The natural language processing (NLP) domain has witnessed significant advancements with the emergence of transformer-based models, which have reshaped the text understanding and generation landscape. While their capabilities are well recognized, there remains a limited systematic synthesis of how these models perform across tasks, scale efficiently, adapt to domains, and address ethical challenges. Therefore, the aim of this paper was to analyze the performance of transformer-based models across various NLP tasks, their scalability, domain adaptation, and the ethical implications of such models. This meta-analysis paper synthesizes findings from 25 peer-reviewed studies on NLP transformer-based models,… More >

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2089

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ARTICLE

Enhancing Exam Preparation through Topic Modelling and Key Topic Identification

Rudraneel Dutta^*, Shreya Mohanty

Journal on Artificial Intelligence, Vol.6, pp. 177-192, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jai.2024.050706
Abstract Traditionally, exam preparation involves manually analyzing past question papers to identify and prioritize key topics. This research proposes a data-driven solution to automate this process using techniques like Document Layout Segmentation, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), and Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) for topic modelling. This study aims to develop a system that utilizes machine learning and topic modelling to identify and rank key topics from historical exam papers, aiding students in efficient exam preparation. The research addresses the difficulty in exam preparation due to the manual and labour-intensive process of analyzing past exam papers to identify… More >

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