Open Access

REVIEW

Nanotechnology-Driven Treatment Strategies for Breast Cancer: Recent Advances and Innovations

Neha Raina¹, Radha Rani², Mahika Kanojia², Avril Mathias³, Keshav Raj Paudel^4,*, Ashish Garg⁵, Hardeep Singh Tuli⁶, A. T. M. Mijanur Rahman⁷, Vetriselvan Subramaniyan⁸, Madhu Gupta^2,*

1 Centre for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India
2 Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Delhi Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research University (DPSRU), New Delhi, 110017, India
3 Department of Pharmaceutics, Nitte College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Bangalore, 560064, India
4 Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Sciences, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
5 Department of Pharmaceutics, Guru Ramdas Khalsa Institute of Science and Technology, Jabalpur, 483001, India
6 Centre of Excellence in Computational Research and Drug Discovery, Department of Bio-Sciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, India
7 Bio-nanotechnology and Nanomedicine Lab., Dept. of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, 7003, Bangladesh
8 Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Malaysia

* Corresponding Authors: Keshav Raj Paudel. Email: ; Madhu Gupta. Email:

(This article belongs to the Special Issue: Breast Cancer Biomarkers and Drug Targets Discoveries Towards a More Personalized Treatment Setting)

Oncology Research 2025, 33(10), 2787-2831. https://doi.org/10.32604/or.2025.066624

Received 13 April 2025; Accepted 07 August 2025; Issue published 26 September 2025

Abstract

Breast cancer is among the most prevalent cancers in females globally and has the highest mortality rate. The emergence of pharmacologic resistance in breast cancer is a significant challenge for researchers in the pursuit of effective treatment. Investigations in cancer nanotechnology have been transformed by the advancement of smart polymers, lipids, and inorganic materials. Research is now being conducted in the field of innovative nano-pharmaceutical formulations aimed at enhancing the efficacy and durability of chemotherapy. Nanotechnology-based delivery systems are beneficial for combating breast cancer due to theranostic applications, augmented drug encapsulation, decreased degradation, and minimal adverse effects. This review discusses breast cancer and its stages, various risk factors, and pathogenesis, in addition to diagnosis and treatment. Novel nanocarriers are included with the most recent findings in this area and the potential use of these nanocarriers in cancer therapy that centers on their clinical usage for improved treatment. Patents and promising clinical trial results are also explained in detail, with nanotoxicity, ethical concerns, and regulations. This study underscores the importance of treatment strategies using nanotechnology, highlighting the advancing paradigm of breast cancer care. This article examines the prospects, obstacles, and future trajectories of nanomedicines.

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