Yu-Bin Kim, Dong-Hyuk Shin, Ieck-Chae Euom^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.2, pp. 2217-2243, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063289 - 03 July 2025

Abstract The global surge in electric vehicle (EV) adoption is proportionally expanding the EV charging station (EVCS) infrastructure, thereby increasing the attack surface and potential impact of security breaches within this critical ecosystem. While ISO 15118 standardizes EV-EVCS communication, its underspecified security guidelines and the variability in manufacturers’ implementations frequently result in vulnerabilities that can disrupt charging services, compromise user data, or affect power grid stability. This research introduces a systematic black-box fuzzing methodology, accompanied by an open-source tool, to proactively identify and mitigate such security flaws in EVCS firmware operating under ISO 15118. The proposed… More >

Trung-Hieu Tran^*

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.4, pp. 869-886, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2025.064902 - 30 June 2025

Abstract The design principles for conventional reinforced concrete structures have gradually transitioned to seismic-resistant design since the 1970s. However, until recently, the implementation of strength capacity and ductility design has not been rigorously enforced in many developing countries that are prone to seismic risks. Numerous studies have evaluated the effectiveness of joint behavior based on both ductile and non-ductile designs under cyclic loading. Previous research has demonstrated that enhancing joint regions with Ultra-High Performance Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPSFRC) significantly improves the seismic resistance of structural components. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the considerable… More >

Nan Li^1,2,*, Jingxiong Dong², Liang Tao³, Liang Huang³

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.7, pp. 2957-2975, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.062667 - 27 June 2025

Abstract With the continuous expansion and increasing complexity of power system scales, the binary classification for transient stability assessment in power systems can no longer meet the safety requirements of power system control and regulation. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-class transient stability assessment model based on an improved Transformer. The model is designed with a dual-tower encoder structure: one encoder focuses on the time dependency of data, while the other focuses on the dynamic correlations between variables. Feature extraction is conducted from both time and variable perspectives to ensure the completeness of the feature extraction… More > Graphic Abstract

Idongesit Sunday Ambrose¹, Sunday Edet Etuk², Okechukwu Ebuka Agbasi^3,*, Ijah Ioryue Silas⁴, Unyime Udoette Saturday⁵, Eyo Edet Orok⁶

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.34, pp. 335-350, 2025, DOI:10.32604/rig.2025.064552 - 13 June 2025

Abstract Road construction and traffic congestion are increasingly recognized as major contributors to environmental and public health challenges in urban Nigeria, particularly in Rivers State. Despite growing urbanization, a gap remains in localized data on the combined effects of air and noise pollution in hydrocarbon-polluted environments. This study addresses that gap by conducting a preliminary environmental health assessment focused on the Port Harcourt Ring Road project. Air quality and noise levels were monitored in situ at 20 strategically selected locations, with five control points included for baseline comparison. Digital portable meters were used to measure concentrations of… More >

Ahmad Mwfaq Bataineh^1,2,*, Ahmad Sufril Azlan Mohamed¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.1, pp. 93-124, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064250 - 09 June 2025

Abstract Advancements in deep learning have considerably enhanced techniques for Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) pose estimation by leveraging progress in three-dimensional human modeling. This survey provides an extensive overview of recent advancements, particularly emphasizing monocular image-based methodologies and their incorporation into ergonomic risk assessment frameworks. By reviewing literature from 2016 to 2024, this study offers a current and comprehensive analysis of techniques, existing challenges, and emerging trends in three-dimensional human pose estimation. In contrast to traditional reviews organized by learning paradigms, this survey examines how three-dimensional pose estimation is effectively utilized within musculoskeletal disorder (MSD)… More >

Karim Gasmi¹, Olfa Hrizi^1,*, Najib Ben Aoun^2,3, Ibrahim Alrashdi¹, Ali Alqazzaz⁴, Omer Hamid⁵, Mohamed O. Altaieb¹, Alameen E. M. Abdalrahman¹, Lassaad Ben Ammar⁶, Manel Mrabet⁶, Omrane Necibi¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.2, pp. 2459-2489, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.065817 - 30 May 2025

Abstract The potential applications of multimodal physiological signals in healthcare, pain monitoring, and clinical decision support systems have garnered significant attention in biomedical research. Subjective self-reporting is the foundation of conventional pain assessment methods, which may be unreliable. Deep learning is a promising alternative to resolve this limitation through automated pain classification. This paper proposes an ensemble deep-learning framework for pain assessment. The framework makes use of features collected from electromyography (EMG), skin conductance level (SCL), and electrocardiography (ECG) signals. We integrate Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTM), Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Units (BiGRU),… More >

JIANMIAO YANG^1,2,#, XIAOYAN SUN^3,#, TIANTIAN WANG¹, HAIQING ZHONG^1,3, MIN HAN^1,3, WUPING SHUAI^4,5,6,*, DONGHANG XU^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.33, No.6, pp. 1423-1436, 2025, DOI:10.32604/or.2025.058997 - 29 May 2025

Abstract Objectives: Triphenylphosphine (TPP) and Doxorubicin (DOX) were conjugated to obtain Triphenylphosphine-Doxorubicin (TPP-DOX), which was applied in tumor cells for enhancement of DOX in mitochondria targeting. The study focused on investigating the anti-tumor effect of TPP-DOX in combination with radiotherapy throughout in vitro and in vivo studies. Methods: TPP-DOX was synthesized using the carbodiimide method. In vitro experiments were conducted with 4T1 cells (mouse breast cancer cell line) to assess apoptosis induction, mitochondrial targeting, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial membrane potential. The research evaluates the effects of TPP-DOX, DOX, and their combinations with radiotherapy. A nude mouse… More > Graphic Abstract

Qichang Li^1,2,*, Bing Bu¹, Junyi Zhao¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.83, No.3, pp. 4281-4313, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.061525 - 19 May 2025

Abstract With the integration of informatization and intelligence into the Communication-Based Train Control (CBTC) systems, the system is facing an increasing number of information security threats. As an important method of characterizing the system security status, the security situation assessment is used to analyze the system security situation. However, existing situation assessment methods fail to integrate the coupling relationship between the physical layer and the information layer of the CBTC systems, and cannot dynamically characterize the real-time security situation changes under cyber attacks. In this paper, a hierarchical security situation assessment approach is proposed to address… More >

Jacob PL Ho¹, Carol WK Ng², Wilfred HS Wong³, Yiu-fai Cheung^1,3,*

Congenital Heart Disease, Vol.20, No.2, pp. 201-211, 2025, DOI:10.32604/chd.2025.063217 - 30 April 2025

Abstract Background: The role of cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) from the chest radiograph for assessment of ventricular enlargement and function in repaired tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is conflicting. This study aimed to determine the associations between CTR and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)-derived ventricular volumes and indices of ventricular function in adolescents and young adults with repaired TOF. Methods: The CTR and CMR findings, performed within 12 months of each other, were reviewed in 76 patients aged 22.1 ± 6.4 years. Associations between CTR and CMR parameters including right (RV) and left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction were… More >

Jerome Gacu^1,2,3,*, John Angelo Venus¹, Cleo Faith Forio¹, Leo Banay¹, Eljay Soledad¹, Anabeth Famini¹, April Rose Fajiculay¹, Aprille Ann Sim¹, Jason Rufon¹

Revue Internationale de Géomatique, Vol.34, pp. 235-257, 2025, DOI:10.32604/rig.2025.063512 - 25 April 2025

Abstract The rapid urbanization of rural areas often leads to the construction of medium to high-rise buildings without adequate knowledge of ground suitability, posing significant risks to structural safety and long-term development. This study addresses this critical issue by developing a Comprehensive Ground Suitability Index (CGSI) framework tailored for rural municipalities. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), the CGSI integrates geophysical, geo-environmental, and geohazard parameters to systematically evaluate land suitability for construction. Data were collected from government agencies, previous studies, and field surveys focusing on the Municipality of Odiongan, Romblon. Parameters… More >