Omar Darwish¹, Shorouq Al-Eidi², Abdallah Al-Shorman¹, Majdi Maabreh³, Anas Alsobeh⁴, Plamen Zahariev⁵, Yahya Tashtoush^6,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-21, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.068266 - 10 November 2025

Abstract Covert timing channels (CTC) exploit network resources to establish hidden communication pathways, posing significant risks to data security and policy compliance. Therefore, detecting such hidden and dangerous threats remains one of the security challenges. This paper proposes LinguTimeX, a new framework that combines natural language processing with artificial intelligence, along with explainable Artificial Intelligence (AI) not only to detect CTC but also to provide insights into the decision process. LinguTimeX performs multidimensional feature extraction by fusing linguistic attributes with temporal network patterns to identify covert channels precisely. LinguTimeX demonstrates strong effectiveness in detecting CTC across… More >

Mohamed Ezz¹, Meshrif Alruily^1,*, Ayman Mohamed Mostafa^2,*, Alaa S. Alaerjan¹, Bader Aldughayfiq², Hisham Allahem², Abdulaziz Shehab²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.86, No.1, pp. 1-28, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.063189 - 10 November 2025

Abstract Automated essay scoring (AES) systems have gained significant importance in educational settings, offering a scalable, efficient, and objective method for evaluating student essays. However, developing AES systems for Arabic poses distinct challenges due to the language’s complex morphology, diglossia, and the scarcity of annotated datasets. This paper presents a hybrid approach to Arabic AES by combining text-based, vector-based, and embedding-based similarity measures to improve essay scoring accuracy while minimizing the training data required. Using a large Arabic essay dataset categorized into thematic groups, the study conducted four experiments to evaluate the impact of feature selection,… More >

Wenxiang Zhang^1,2, Wenning Cui¹, Juan Huang³, Zhangen Lu¹, Kuijing Liang¹, Lingbao Wang^1,2, Shanshan Wei^1,2, Liran Shi¹, Huifen Li¹, Xiaoli Guo^1,2,*, Jianhui Ma^4,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 3893-3912, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.073736 - 29 December 2025

Abstract UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) play essential roles in plant secondary metabolism and stress responses, yet their composition and functions in Sorghum bicolor, a model C4 plant, remain inadequately characterized. This study identified 196 SbUGT genes distributed across all 10 chromosomes and classified them into 16 subfamilies (A–P) through phylogenetic analysis. Among these, 61.2% were intronless, and 10 conserved motifs, including the UGT-specific PSPG box, were identified. Synteny analysis using MCScanX revealed 12 segmental duplication events and conserved syntenic relationships with other Poaceae species (rice, maize, and barley). Promoter analysis uncovered 125 distinct cis-acting elements, predominantly associated with stress and… More >

Pooja Yadav^1,*, Ramin Farnood², Vivek Kumar^1,*

Journal of Polymer Materials, Vol.42, No.4, pp. 1181-1197, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jpm.2025.072564 - 26 December 2025

Abstract Heavy metal contamination in water sources is a widespread global concern, particularly in developing nations, with various treatment approaches under extensive scientific investigation. In the present study, we fabricated electrospun composite polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibrous membranes exhibiting hierarchical surface roughness and superhydrophobicity for the removal of heavy metal ions via vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) process. The membranes were prepared by incorporating optimized dosing of silica nanoparticles, followed by a two-step membrane modification approach. These membranes exhibited notable characteristics, including elevated water contact angle (152.8 ± 3.2°), increased liquid entry pressure (127 ± 6 kPa), and… More > Graphic Abstract

Chang-Eui Hong^1,2,3, Su-Yun Lyu^1,2,3,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.12, pp. 2377-2397, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.072360 - 24 December 2025

Abstract Objective: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a major therapeutic challenge with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic anticancer effects of doxorubicin (DOX) combined with Viscum album L. var. coloratum agglutinin (VCA) and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms in TNBC cells. Methods: This study evaluated the synergistic effects and mechanisms of doxorubicin (DOX) and Viscum album L. var. coloratum agglutinin (VCA) combination in MDA-MB231 TNBC cells. Cell viability, oxidative stress markers, apoptosis-related proteins, cell migration, and proliferative recovery were assessed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide… More >

U. Chalapathi^a, M. Vasudeva Reddy^b,c, C. P. Reddy^d, R. Dhanalakshmi^e, A. Divya^f, K. Mohanarangam^g, S. H. Park^a,*

Chalcogenide Letters, Vol.22, No.9, pp. 787-796, 2025, DOI:10.15251/CL.2025.229.787

Abstract Recently, cubic SnS shows promising potential for optoelectronic applications, including solar cells. Despite its advantages, the photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of cubic SnS photoelectrodes remain underexplored. This study examines the PEC performance of cubic SnS photocathodes synthesized on FTO substrates via chemical bath deposition and annealed at 250o C for varying durations (10, 20, and 30 min). The as-deposited SnS films, characterized by a cubic crystal structure (lattice parameter: 1.162 nm, crystallite size: 17 nm), an energy gap of 1.75 eV, and an initial photocurrent of 0.8 mA/cm2 at -1 V vs. Hg/HgO, showed significant enhancement More >

Jawad Ali^1,*, Ioan-Lucian Popa^2,3

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.145, No.1, pp. 857-889, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.064604 - 30 October 2025

Abstract With the rapid growth of urbanization, smart city development has become a strategic priority worldwide, requiring complex and uncertain decision-making processes. In this context, advanced decision-support tools are essential to evaluate and prioritize competing initiatives effectively. To support effective prioritization of smart city initiatives under uncertainty, this study introduces a robust decision-making framework based on the t-arbicular fuzzy (t-AF) set—a recent extension of the t-spherical fuzzy set that incorporates an additional parameter, the radius , to enhance the representation of uncertainty. Dombi-based operational laws are formulated within this context, leading to the development of four… More >

Anna Elisa Silva, Eduardo Thiago Formigari, João Pedro Mayer Camacho Araújo, Dagoberto de Oliveira Silva, Jürgen Andreaus, Eduardo Guilherme Cividini Neiva^*

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.13, No.10, pp. 1899-1912, 2025, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2025.02025-0130 - 22 October 2025

Abstract Here, we report a comprehensive study on the characterization of cotton biomass residue, its conversion into carbon-based materials via pyrolysis, and its application as an electrochemical sensor for ascorbic acid (AA). The compositions, morphologies, and structures of the resulting materials were investigated using XRD, FTIR, TGA, SEM, and EDS. Pyrolysis was carried out in an air atmosphere at different temperatures (300°C and 400°C) and durations (1, 60, and 240 min), leading to the transformation of lignocellulosic cotton residue into carbon-based materials embedded with inorganic nanoparticles, including carbonates, sulfates, chlorates, and phosphates of potassium, calcium, and… More > Graphic Abstract

Rodrigo Rafael da Silva^1,*, Gabriela Carvalho Maia de Queiroz¹, Amanda Cibele da Paz Sousa¹, Antônio Gustavo de Luna Souto¹, Francisco Hélio Alves de Andrade ², Francimar Maik da Silva Morais¹, Rita Magally Oliveira da Silva Marcelino¹, Fagner Nogueira Ferreira¹, Alex Alvares da Silva³, Maria Isabela Batista Clemente¹, Baltazar Cirino Junior¹, Wedson Aleff Oliveira da Silva¹, Mateus de Freitas Almeida dos Santos¹, José Francismar de Medeiros^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.9, pp. 2797-2814, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.068089 - 30 September 2025

Abstract Due to its tolerance to water deficit and salinity, sorghum is considered a suitable crop for cultivation in regions affected by these stress conditions, enabling the efficient use of limited water resources. This study evaluated the resilience of the sweet sorghum cultivar BRS 506 under water deficit and salinity stress, focusing on water relations and yield performance in semiarid conditions. A randomized complete block design was employed in a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement with four replicates. Treatments consisted of three levels of irrigation water salinity (1.50, 3.75, and 6.00 dS m⁻¹) and three irrigation levels… More >

Xinlong Wang¹, Xiaohang Qu¹, Chuandong Lin^2,*

The International Conference on Computational & Experimental Engineering and Sciences, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 1-1, 2025, DOI:10.32604/icces.2025.011311

Abstract The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been extensively utilized in various fields, including the droplet dynamics [1–4]. At present, significant challenges persist in accurately resolving interfacial dynamics during droplet collisions—including deformation [5], breakup process [6] and capturing microscale details [7] of contact line motion during droplet-wall interactions. In this work, the non-orthogonal multiple relaxation time lattice Boltzmann method is used to study droplets impacting superhydrophobic walls with different characteristic of surface protrusion. The horizontal displacement, maximum spreading length, and the contact time are probed in the process of droplet collisions under various conditions of Weber More >