Abdelwahed Motwakel^1,*, Badriyya B. Al-onazi², Jaber S. Alzahrani³, Ayman Yafoz⁴, Mahmoud Othman⁵, Abu Sarwar Zamani¹, Ishfaq Yaseen¹, Amgad Atta Abdelmageed¹

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.48, No.5, pp. 1387-1403, 2024, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.033902 - 13 September 2024

Abstract Handwritten character recognition becomes one of the challenging research matters. More studies were presented for recognizing letters of various languages. The availability of Arabic handwritten characters databases was confined. Almost a quarter of a billion people worldwide write and speak Arabic. More historical books and files indicate a vital data set for many Arab nations written in Arabic. Recently, Arabic handwritten character recognition (AHCR) has grabbed the attention and has become a difficult topic for pattern recognition and computer vision (CV). Therefore, this study develops fireworks optimization with the deep learning-based AHCR (FWODL-AHCR) technique. The… More >

KERAN JIA¹, YANHAO ZHANG¹, MENGYU JIANG², MENGGE CUI², JIA WANG², JIAJIA ZHANG², HUIHAI ZHAO², MENGYAN LI², HUA WANG², QUANMING ZOU^1,#,*, HAO ZENG^1,#,*

BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.9, pp. 1355-1368, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.051383 - 04 September 2024

Abstract Objective: Candida albicans is a common fungal pathogen that triggers complex host defense mechanisms, including coordinated innate and adaptive immune responses, to neutralize invading fungi effectively. Exploring the immune microenvironment has the potential to inform the development of therapeutic strategies for fungal infections. Methods: The study analyzed individual immune cell profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from Candida albicans-infected mice and healthy control mice using single-cell transcriptomics, fluorescence quantitative PCR, and Western blotting. We investigated intergroup differences in the dynamics of immune cell subpopulation infiltration, pathway enrichment, and differentiation during Candida albicans infection. Results: Our findings indicate that infiltration… More >

Artur V. Dmitrenko^1,2,*, Vladislav M. Ovsyannikov²

FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.20, No.9, pp. 1925-1939, 2024, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2024.048389 - 23 August 2024

Abstract The differential equations of continuum mechanics are the basis of an uncountable variety of phenomena and technological processes in fluid-dynamics and related fields. These equations contain derivatives of the first order with respect to time. The derivation of the equations of continuum mechanics uses the limit transitions of the tendency of the volume increment and the time increment to zero. Derivatives are used to derive the wave equation. The differential wave equation is second order in time. Therefore, increments of volume and increments of time in continuum mechanics should be considered as small but finite More >

Borhan Albiss^*, Asala Saleh

Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.12, No.7, pp. 1219-1236, 2024, DOI:10.32604/jrm.2024.050685 - 21 August 2024

Abstract In this work, the fabrication and characterization of the nanocomposite hydrogel, as a solid electrode in electrochemical cell and gel electrolyte material using Indium titanium oxide/polyethylene terephthalate (ITO/PET) flexible substrate for double-layer supercapacitors have been reported. The nanocomposite hydrogel composed of Arabic gum (AG), Acrylic acid (AA), reduced graphene oxide (RGO), and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was fabricated via a physical cross-linked polymerization reaction, in which the ascorbic acid was used as a reducing agent to generate AgNPs and to convert Graphene oxide (GO) to RGO during the polymerization reaction. The morphology and structural characteristics of… More > Graphic Abstract

Qunyue Mu^1,2, Qiancheng Yu^1,2,*, Chengchen Zhou^1,2, Lei Liu^1,2, Xulong Yu^1,2

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.1, pp. 449-466, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.051728 - 18 July 2024

Abstract Wearing helmets while riding electric bicycles can significantly reduce head injuries resulting from traffic accidents. To effectively monitor compliance, the utilization of target detection algorithms through traffic cameras plays a vital role in identifying helmet usage by electric bicycle riders and recognizing license plates on electric bicycles. However, manual enforcement by traffic police is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Traditional methods face challenges in accurately identifying small targets such as helmets and license plates using deep learning techniques. This paper proposes an enhanced model for detecting helmets and license plates on electric bicycles, addressing these challenges. The More >

Dhiaa Musleh¹, Atta Rahman^1,*, Mohammed Abbas Alkherallah¹, Menhal Kamel Al-Bohassan¹, Mustafa Mohammed Alawami¹, Hayder Ali Alsebaa¹, Jawad Ali Alnemer¹, Ghazi Fayez Al-Mutairi¹, May Issa Aldossary², Dalal A. Aldowaihi¹, Fahd Alhaidari³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.80, No.1, pp. 1033-1054, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.048003 - 18 July 2024

Abstract With the rapid growth of internet usage, a new situation has been created that enables practicing bullying. Cyberbullying has increased over the past decade, and it has the same adverse effects as face-to-face bullying, like anger, sadness, anxiety, and fear. With the anonymity people get on the internet, they tend to be more aggressive and express their emotions freely without considering the effects, which can be a reason for the increase in cyberbullying and it is the main motive behind the current study. This study presents a thorough background of cyberbullying and the techniques used… More >

Badriyya B. Al-onazi¹, Jaber S. Alzahrani², Najm Alotaibi³, Hussain Alshahrani⁴, Mohamed Ahmed Elfaki⁴, Radwa Marzouk⁵, Heba Mohsen⁶, Abdelwahed Motwakel^7,*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.39, No.3, pp. 567-583, 2024, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.033835 - 11 July 2024

Abstract In recent years, the usage of social networking sites has considerably increased in the Arab world. It has empowered individuals to express their opinions, especially in politics. Furthermore, various organizations that operate in the Arab countries have embraced social media in their day-to-day business activities at different scales. This is attributed to business owners’ understanding of social media’s importance for business development. However, the Arabic morphology is too complicated to understand due to the availability of nearly 10,000 roots and more than 900 patterns that act as the basis for verbs and nouns. Hate speech… More >

Salah Alghyaline^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.79, No.3, pp. 4905-4924, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2024.052016 - 20 June 2024

Abstract Handwritten character recognition is considered challenging compared with machine-printed characters due to the different human writing styles. Arabic is morphologically rich, and its characters have a high similarity. The Arabic language includes 28 characters. Each character has up to four shapes according to its location in the word (at the beginning, middle, end, and isolated). This paper proposed 12 CNN architectures for recognizing handwritten Arabic characters. The proposed architectures were derived from the popular CNN architectures, such as VGG, ResNet, and Inception, to make them applicable to recognizing character-size images. The experimental results on three More >

Alexis Salazar-Navarro¹, Victor Ruiz-Valdiviezo², Jose Joya-Dávila³, Daniel Gonzalez-Mendoza^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.93, No.5, pp. 923-949, 2024, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2024.049612 - 28 May 2024

Abstract Coffee Leaf Rust (CLR) is caused by Hemileia vastatrix in Coffea spp. It is one of the most dangerous phytopathogens for coffee plantations in terms of coffee productivity and coffee cup quality. In this review, we resume the problem of CLR in Mexico and the pathogenesis of H. vastatrix. The review abord plant-pathogen interactions which lead a compatible or incompatible interactions and result in CLR disease or resistance, respectively. The review abord Coffea spp. defense response pathways involved in H. vastatrix pathogenicity. Additionally, current measures to control H. vastatrix proliferation and germination were aborded focused on phytosanitary actions, and biological More >

Manar Ahmed Hamza^1,*, Hala J. Alshahrani², Najm Alotaibi³, Mohamed K. Nour⁴, Mahmoud Othman⁵, Gouse Pasha Mohammed¹, Mohammed Rizwanullah¹, Mohamed I. Eldesouki⁶

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.48, No.3, pp. 869-870, 2024, DOI:10.32604/csse.2024.053660 - 20 May 2024

Abstract This article has no abstract. More >