Yang Wang^1,2, Ying Xie¹, Yiyi Ye¹, Youyang Shi¹, Feifei Li¹, Mengdie Zhu¹, Ciyi Hua¹, Yuan Xu¹, Rui Yang^1,3,*, Sheng Liu^1,4,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078051 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Background Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast malignancy characterized by poor clinical outcomes and limited therapeutic options. The identification of reliable biomarkers for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic response remains an urgent clinical need. This study aimed to develop an integrative lactylation-related gene signature to simultaneously evaluate prognostic trajectories and immunotherapeutic sensitivity in TNBC. Methods Transcriptomic and clinical data from public TNBC cohorts were systematically analyzed. Lactylation-related gene signatures were used to stratify patients via consensus clustering. A scoring model was constructed based on differentially expressed genes between clusters, and its associations with… More >

Mi Rim Kim^1,#, Jason Lau^1,#, Michele Maffezzoli^2,#,*, Giuseppe Luigi Banna¹

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078000 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are a promising strategy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but early-generation drugs were limited by suboptimal target selection, heterogeneous drug–antibody ratios, and linker instability, resulting in modest efficacy and relevant toxicities. We performed a narrative review based on a literature search of PubMed and major oncology congresses up to October 2025, with the aim to critically analyzing the evolving biomarker landscape and engineering strategies shaping next-generation ADC development in NSCLC. Emerging approaches to identify targets for ADCs and refine patient selection include digital pathology with artificial intelligence technologies, transcriptomic and proteomic… More >

Zhihao Yin^1,2,3,#, Xi Zhen^4,#, Haonan Li^1,2,3,#, Haiqiang Duan^1,2,3,#, Xiaowei Hu^5,#, Tianxi Yu¹, Qing Shi¹, Ziyi Liu¹, Yaowei Li¹, Peng Zhang¹, Peng Dai¹, Meihui Zhao⁶, Ziqi Wang^1,2,3,7,*, Changfu Li^2,*, Di Wang^1,*, Zhichao Tong^1,3,5,8,9,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077808 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Backgrounds: Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) are increasingly recognized as modulators of anti-tumor immunity, yet their clinical relevance in bladder cancer remains incompletely understood, partly owing to heterogeneity in their maturation states. Here, we demonstrate that germinal center (GC)–like TLS maturity, rather than TLS presence alone, is closely associated with immune activation and therapeutic response to Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade in bladder cancer. The objective of this study was to systematically investigate the clinical significance, biological function, and therapeutic potential of tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) maturation in bladder cancer. Specifically, we aimed to determine whether GC-like… More >

Lindokuhle M. Ngema¹, Samson A. Adeyemi^1,2,*, Yahya E. Choonara^1,3,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077723 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Primary bone cancer is a relatively rare malignant tumor that manifests in the bone and affects the normal functioning of the bone tissue. Primary bone cancer can be characterized into three subtypes, which are osteosarcoma, chondrosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. Notably, the treatment of primary bone cancer with conventional modalities, like chemotherapy and surgical interventions, has been overwhelmed with dismal clinical outcomes. The conventional therapies are challenged with non-specificity, resulting in off-target effects and ultimate harm to healthy tissue. Particularly, chemotherapy as a first-line treatment option is riddled with poor drug bioavailability, limited tumor accumulation, and More >

Lorenzo Gasperoni^1,*, Luna Del Bono², Alberto Farolfi³, Andrea Messori^4,5, Vera Damuzzo^5,6

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.077700 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Background: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) are established maintenance treatments in ovarian cancer, but comparative efficacy across genetic profiles and relapse risk categories remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of different PARPi as maintenance therapy in ovarian cancer across genetic profiles and relapse risk categories using reconstructed individual patient data (IPD) from randomized trials (RCTs). Methods: IPD were reconstructed using the IPDfromKM method from published Kaplan-Meier curves of RCTs stratified by clinical risk subgroup. Progression-free survival (PFS) was the primary endpoint. Three comparisons were performed: Breast Cancer gene (BRCA)+… More >

Gabriela R. Barbosa^1,2, Luciana S. B. Dal Col^3,4, Caroline C. Bighetto¹, Maria Carolina X. de Godoy¹, Marina D. B. P. Campioni⁴, Marcus V. Sadi^2,3, Alessandra Gambero^1,2, Leonardo O. Reis^1,2,4,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.075738 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Backgrounds: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) remains the most effective adjuvant therapy for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC); however, the immunological underpinnings of its efficacy remain incompletely understood. This study aims to elucidate the dual immunomodulatory roles of BCG by integrating systemic and tumor-intrinsic analyses, through determining the systemic effects of BCG instillation on immune checkpoint expression and direct inflammatory response in a previously established in vitro tumor model. Methods: We investigated systemic and tumor-intrinsic immune responses to BCG. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate immune checkpoint expression on circulating lymphocyte subsets in NMIBC patients (n = 7) at various… More > Graphic Abstract

Julia Banaszkiewicz¹, Paweł Krawczyk², Tomasz Grenda³, Anna Grenda^2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074037 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Unfavorable epidemiological forecasts indicating a significant increase in cancer incidence and mortality, as well as limitations of traditional cancer treatment methods, prompt the search for new, more effective therapeutic strategies. In response to the difficulties in treating cancer resulting from the significant heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironment and the presence of hypoxic and necrotic zones, anaerobic bacteria from the Clostridiaceae family, particularly those of the Clostridium genus, are attracting increasing interest. These bacteria can selectively grow in hypoxic areas of tumors while showing no affinity for healthy tissues. An additional advantage of these bacteria is their… More >

Jinhui Che^1,2, Zhiyuan Chen¹, Feng Zhang^3,4, Shuo Zhu², Shengya Cao⁵, Ou Li¹, Rong Li^4,*, Jun Zheng^3,4,*, Yubin Liu^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.7, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.067443 - 16 June 2026

Abstract Objective: Advanced liver cancer, a highly lethal and increasingly prevalent malignancy, frequently develops sorafenib resistance, with aberrant mitochondrial dynamics and metabolism implicated in its pathogenesis. This study aimed to investigate their interplay and assess combination therapies against sorafenib-resistant liver cancer. Methods: Mitochondrial morphology was assessed using immunofluorescent staining. Besides, the mitochondrial metabolic profile was evaluated by measuring the oxygen consumption rate, glucose uptake, and lactate production. Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) expression was determined through immunohistochemical staining, western blotting, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Cell counting, colony formation, and cell cycle assays were conducted to… More >

Xing-Guo Li^1,2,3,#, Lu-Kai Wang^4,#, Fu-Ming Tsai⁵, Hsueh-Chun Wang^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.075492 - 09 June 2026

Abstract Itaconate, produced by aconitate decarboxylase 1 (ACOD1, also known as IRG1), acts as a key immunometabolite that inhibits succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and can engage reduction-oxidation (redox)-sensitive signaling programs. This review summarizes the emerging, context-dependent roles of the ACOD1-itaconate axis in cancer, while critically distinguishing between the effects of endogenous itaconate and its cell-permeable derivatives. In tumor cells, endogenous ACOD1 expression or uptake via solute carrier family 13 member 3 (SLC13A3) alters oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis. In the tumor microenvironment, myeloid-derived itaconate contributes to immune tolerance by reducing dendritic-cell cross-priming and limiting CD8⁺ T-cell metabolic activity. Moreover, More >

H. Kamlesh¹, E. P. Siva^1,*, P. Bathmanaban², O. D. Makinde³, Dharmendra Tripathi⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.081147 - 27 May 2026

Abstract The current study comprehensively investigates Williamson nanofluid flow and transport in an asymmetric porous tapered channel under varying slip conditions, using both analytical and supervised machine learning approaches. This mathematical model integrates thermophoresis, Brownian motion, the Soret and Dufour effects, thermal radiation, and a transverse magnetic field to accurately describe thermosoluble transport phenomena relevant to biomedical contexts. The non-Newtonian Williamson formulation is used to explain how fluids, such as blood, dilute when sheared. Darcy resistance is used to describe porous structures in tissue scaffolds, capillary networks, and dialysis membranes. A perturbation method is used to… More >