Tanveer Ahmad^1,*, Tahani Alsubait², Amina Salhi³, Amani Ibraheem⁴, Muhammad Asim Saleem⁵

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.080285 - 27 May 2026

Abstract The rapid adoption of Edge-AI in smart edge-IoT environments has dramatically led to an augmented vulnerability to cyber risks arising from distributed learning, data heterogeneity, and adversarial manipulation. This paper proposes a new risk-aware adaptive learning model that federated Edge-AI systems explicitly simulates cyber risk in the process of local training and global aggregation. The proposed solution combines stochastic optimization and adversarial risk bounding with adaptive gradient correction to develop strong learning in non-IID data distributions and malicious client behavior. Convergence guarantees are defined by the theoretical analysis in the case of limited adversarial perturbations.… More >

Ezz El-Din Hemdan¹, Haitham Elwahsh^2,3, Samah Alshathri^4,*, Amged Sayed^5,6,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.079305 - 27 May 2026

Abstract Ensuring robust methods for maintaining high levels of medical data security is crucial in the Medical Internet of Things (IoT) for the protection of sensitive patient data during real-time transmission and analysis. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals in medical IoT systems are transmitted through cloud and edge networks, which create risks of cyber threats, unauthorized access, and data breaches. Consequently, there is an urgent need for efficient encryption methods to ensure the confidentiality of EEG signals during classification and prediction processes, as several state-of-the-art models either neglect security during classification or suffer from increased computational overhead that… More >

Chirag Devendrakumar Parikh^*

Journal on Internet of Things, Vol.8, pp. 109-125, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jiot.2026.077412 - 12 May 2026

Abstract Secure IoT ecosystems are based on the notion that device authentication is reputable. Traditional approaches typically use software identifiers or stored cryptographic keys, which can be cloned, copied, or modified by physical access or supply-chain interference. The current paper presents a hardware fingerprinting system that is based on compliance to enhance the strength of the authentication of the IoT device, that is, to connect physical device properties with organized conformity practices. The tool exploits intrinsic electrical and manufacturing differences in parts to produce device-specific fingerprints and compares these fingerprints with compliance processes, including component validation, More >

Jesús Rosa-Bilbao^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.080490 - 08 May 2026

Abstract The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures with Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) remains challenging due to the reliance on complex, tightly coupled back-end systems or centralized oracle services that hinder scalability, maintainability, and trust. This paper introduces a lightweight middleware architecture based on a Low-Code Development Platform (LCDP) that enables flexible and secure IoT-to-blockchain orchestration. We develop a custom workflow extension for the n8n platform that supports direct interaction with smart contracts, thereby removing the need for third-party oracle intermediaries. The proposed system was evaluated in a real-world deployment involving a network of Netatmo More >

Sara H. Elsayed¹, Rodaina Abdelsalam¹, Mahmoud A. Ismail Shoman², Raed Alotaibi^3,*, Omar Reyad^4,5,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.079018 - 08 May 2026

Abstract In today’s digitally connected world, where cyber threats are becoming increasingly complex, finding modern and secure text encryption solutions that maintain maximum runtime performance while offering high-level protection is more crucial. The deployment of sophisticated security paradigms is often accompanied by a significant escalation in computational overhead. Thus, the fundamental objective resides in the mitigation of computational overhead while maintaining an uncompromising security posture. Internet of Things (IoT) devices require strong security measures for data transmission. Also, protecting communication channels against illegal access and eavesdropping has become crucial due to the exponential expansion of the… More >

Tao Bai¹, Yang Tang², Kuan Shao³, Zhenyong Zhang^3,*, Yuanteng Liu⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.078473 - 08 May 2026

Abstract In recent years, the rapid development of artificial intelligence has greatly promoted the application of Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS). Users can upload their requirements through front-end applications, and the server provides model inference services after receiving the user input. However, MLaaS may lead to serious privacy breaches. Large language model services are typical representatives of MLaaS, and the Transformer is a typical structure in large language models. Therefore, this paper proposes a privacy-protected Transformer inference scheme based on the CKKS fully homomorphic encryption scheme to optimize computational and communication efficiency. Firstly, this paper… More >

Fahad Algarni^1,2,*, Saeed Ullah Jan³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.077157 - 08 May 2026

Abstract With the increasing connectivity and intelligence of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices, which interface with numerous aspects of our daily lives, security remains a major concern for IoT devices deployed in e-healthcare systems. The existing solutions demonstrate that authentication of IoT devices across all domains, especially in healthcare, poses significant vulnerabilities, including side-channel, insider, and replay attacks. Alternatively, it is not feasible for resource-constrained IoT devices due to the computational, communicational, and space overheads of modular exponentiation or bilinear pairing, or because it requires four to five round-trips for authentication. The rapid growth of IoT in the… More >

Urvashi Chaudhary^1,2,*, Samikkannu Rajkumar³, Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody^1,2,4, Yakubu Tsado⁵, Bamidele Adebisi⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.070014 - 08 May 2026

Abstract This research paper explores how wireless communication has played a key role in transforming healthcare and bringing in a new era of personalized, linked, and data-driven medical services. With the proliferation of wireless healthcare applications, ensuring the security and privacy of sensitive medical data has become paramount. We discuss the potential of blockchain technology, to address challenges and to secure next-generation wireless healthcare. We have elaborated how blockchain’s core characteristics, such as immutability and decentralization, can create a secure and transparent environment for sharing and storing medical data. Additionally, this paper examines how emerging technologies,… More >

Nishu Gupta^1,*, Manuel J. C. S. Reis²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.082568 - 27 April 2026

Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

Benedict Djouboussi^1,*, Elie Fute Tagne^1,2

Journal of Cyber Security, Vol.8, pp. 171-187, 2026, DOI:10.32604/jcs.2026.079617 - 15 April 2026

Abstract The Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3) is widely deployed in SCADA-based microgrids; however, it was not originally designed to meet the cybersecurity requirements of modern decentralized energy infrastructures. Although DNP3 Secure Authentication (DNP3-SA) introduces HMAC-based session-level protection, it does not ensure fragment-level integrity, leaving the protocol vulnerable to fragmentation disruption, replay attacks, and sequence manipulation. Such vulnerabilities can cause desynchronization between master and outstation devices, compromising the operational reliability of distributed energy resources. This paper proposes DNP3Chain, a blockchain-enabled framework that provides real-time fragment-level validation and enforces end-to-end message integrity in DNP3 communications. An OpenDNP3-based… More >