Nadeem Ahmed^1,*, Khalid Mohammadani², Ali Kashif Bashir^3,4,5, Marwan Omar⁶, Angel Jones⁷, Fayaz Hassan¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.139, No.1, pp. 633-659, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.031342

Abstract Wireless technology is transforming the future of transportation through the development of the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). However, intricate security challenges are intertwined with technological progress: Vehicular ad hoc Networks (VANETs), a core component of IoV, face security issues, particularly the Black Hole Attack (BHA). This malicious attack disrupts the seamless flow of data and threatens the network’s overall reliability; also, BHA strategically disrupts communication pathways by dropping data packets from legitimate nodes altogether. Recognizing the importance of this challenge, we have introduced a new solution called ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector-Reputation-based mechanism Local Outlier Factor (AODV-RL). The significance of… More >

Rizwan Iqbal^1,*, Rashid Hussain², Sheeraz Arif³, Nadia Mustaqim Ansari⁴, Tayyab Ahmed Shaikh²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.2, pp. 1575-1598, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.042432

Abstract Software-Defined Networking (SDN) is a new network technology that uses programming to complement the data plane with a control plane. To enable safe connection, however, numerous security challenges must be addressed. Flooding attacks have been one of the most prominent risks on the internet for decades, and they are now becoming challenging difficulties in SDN networks. To solve these challenges, we proposed a unique firewall application built on multiple levels of packet filtering to provide a flooding attack prevention system and a layer-based packet detection system. This study offers a systematic strategy for wrapping up the examination of SDN operations.… More >

Firas Abedi¹, Hayder M. A. Ghanimi², Abeer D. Algarni³, Naglaa F. Soliman^3,*, Walid El-Shafai^4,5, Ali Hashim Abbas⁶, Zahraa H. Kareem⁷, Hussein Muhi Hariz⁸, Ahmed Alkhayyat⁹

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.3, pp. 3127-3144, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.038959

Abstract Computational intelligence (CI) is a group of nature-simulated computational models and processes for addressing difficult real-life problems. The CI is useful in the UAV domain as it produces efficient, precise, and rapid solutions. Besides, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) developed a hot research topic in the smart city environment. Despite the benefits of UAVs, security remains a major challenging issue. In addition, deep learning (DL) enabled image classification is useful for several applications such as land cover classification, smart buildings, etc. This paper proposes novel meta-heuristics with a deep learning-driven secure UAV image classification (MDLS-UAVIC) model in a smart city environment.… More >

Zuriati Ahmad Zukarnain^1,*, Amgad Muneer^2,3, Nur Atirah Mohamad Nassir¹, Akram A. Almohammedi^4,5

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.3, pp. 2725-2740, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.034448

Abstract With the advancements in the era of artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, and big data, there is a need for secure, decentralized medical record storage and retrieval systems. While cloud storage solves storage issues, it is challenging to realize secure sharing of records over the network. Medi-block record in the healthcare system has brought a new digitalization method for patients’ medical records. This centralized technology provides a symmetrical process between the hospital and doctors when patients urgently need to go to a different or nearby hospital. It enables electronic medical records to be available with the correct authentication and restricts… More >

Weizheng Wang^1,3, Xiangqi Wang^2,*, Xianmin Pan¹, Xingxing Gong³, Jian Liang³, Pradip Kumar Sharma⁴, Osama Alfarraj⁵, Wael Said⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.3, pp. 3859-3876, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.041346

Abstract Image-denoising techniques are widely used to defend against Adversarial Examples (AEs). However, denoising alone cannot completely eliminate adversarial perturbations. The remaining perturbations tend to amplify as they propagate through deeper layers of the network, leading to misclassifications. Moreover, image denoising compromises the classification accuracy of original examples. To address these challenges in AE defense through image denoising, this paper proposes a novel AE detection technique. The proposed technique combines multiple traditional image-denoising algorithms and Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) network structures. The used detector model integrates the classification results of different models as the input to the detector and calculates the… More >

Yu-Rim Lee¹, Na-Eun Park¹, Seo-Yi Kim², Il-Gu Lee^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.3, pp. 3465-3482, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.041196

Abstract With the introduction of 5G technology, the application of Internet of Things (IoT) devices is expanding to various industrial fields. However, introducing a robust, lightweight, low-cost, and low-power security solution to the IoT environment is challenging. Therefore, this study proposes two methods using a data compression technique to detect malicious traffic efficiently and accurately for a secure IoT environment. The first method, compressed sensing and learning (CSL), compresses an event log in a bitmap format to quickly detect attacks. Then, the attack log is detected using a machine-learning classification model. The second method, precise re-learning after CSL (Ra-CSL), comprises a… More >

Abdulgbar A. R. Farea¹, Gehad Abdullah Amran^2,*, Ebraheem Farea³, Amerah Alabrah^4,*, Ahmed A. Abdulraheem⁵, Muhammad Mursil⁶, Mohammed A. A. Al-qaness⁷

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.3, pp. 3605-3622, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.040121

Abstract E-commerce, online ticketing, online banking, and other web-based applications that handle sensitive data, such as passwords, payment information, and financial information, are widely used. Various web developers may have varying levels of understanding when it comes to securing an online application. Structured Query language SQL injection and cross-site scripting are the two vulnerabilities defined by the Open Web Application Security Project (OWASP) for its 2017 Top Ten List Cross Site Scripting (XSS). An attacker can exploit these two flaws and launch malicious web-based actions as a result of these flaws. Many published articles focused on these attacks’ binary classification. This… More >

Naveed Khan¹, Jianbiao Zhang^1,*, Ghulam Ali Mallah², Shehzad Ashraf Chaudhry³

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.76, No.3, pp. 3877-3896, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.032553

Abstract The mobile cellular network provides internet connectivity for heterogeneous Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The cellular network consists of several towers installed at appropriate locations within a smart city. These cellular towers can be utilized for various tasks, such as e-healthcare systems, smart city surveillance, traffic monitoring, infrastructure surveillance, or sidewalk checking. Security is a primary concern in data broadcasting, particularly authentication, because the strength of a cellular network’s signal is much higher frequency than the associated one, and their frequencies can sometimes be aligned, posing a significant challenge. As a result, that requires attention, and without information authentication, such… More >

Senshan Ouyang^1,2, Xiang Liu², Lei Liu², Shangchao Wang², Baichuan Shao³, Yang Zhao^3,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.1, pp. 903-915, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.028895

Abstract With the continuous expansion of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), more and more organisations are placing large amounts of data in the cloud to reduce overheads. However, the channel between cloud servers and smart equipment is not trustworthy, so the issue of data authenticity needs to be addressed. The SM2 digital signature algorithm can provide an authentication mechanism for data to solve such problems. Unfortunately, it still suffers from the problem of key exposure. In order to address this concern, this study first introduces a key-insulated scheme, SM2-KI-SIGN, based on the SM2 algorithm. This scheme boasts strong key insulation… More >

Haifeng Lin^1,2, Xiangfeng Liu², Chen Chen², Zhibo Liu², Dexin Zhao³, Yiwen Zhang⁴, Weizhuang Li⁴, Mingsheng Cao^5,6,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.138, No.1, pp. 939-956, 2024, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.028656

Abstract Identifying a device and detecting a change in its position is critical for secure devices management in the Internet of Things (IoT). In this paper, a device management system is proposed to track the devices by using audio-based location distinction techniques. In the proposed scheme, traditional cryptographic techniques, such as symmetric encryption algorithm, RSA-based signcryption scheme, and audio-based secure transmission, are utilized to provide authentication, non-repudiation, and confidentiality in the information interaction of the management system. Moreover, an audio-based location distinction method is designed to detect the position change of the devices. Specifically, the audio frequency response (AFR) of several… More >