Shouqin Lü¹, Mian Long^1,2

Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.2, No.4, pp. 161-178, 2005, DOI:10.3970/mcb.2005.002.161

Abstract Selectin-ligand interactions are crucial to such biological processes as inflammatory cascade or tumor metastasis. How transient formation and dissociation of selectin-ligand bonds in blood flow are coupled to molecular conformation at atomic level, however, has not been well understood. In this study, steered molecular dynamics (SMD) simulations were used to elucidate the intramolecular and intermolecular conformational evolutions involved in forced dissociation of three selectin-ligand systems: the construct consisting of P-selectin lectin (Lec) and epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains (P-LE) interacting with synthesized sulfoglycopeptide or SGP-3, P-LE with sialyl Lewis X (sLe^X), and E-LE with sLe^X. SMD simulations were based on… More >

Alanoud Alhussain¹, Heba Kurdi^1,*, Lina Altoaimy²

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.59, No.3, pp. 805-815, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.05848

Abstract Edge devices in Internet of Things (IoT) applications can form peers to communicate in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks over P2P protocols. Using P2P networks ensures scalability and removes the need for centralized management. However, due to the open nature of P2P networks, they often suffer from the existence of malicious peers, especially malicious peers that unite in groups to raise each other's ratings. This compromises users' safety and makes them lose their confidence about the files or services they are receiving. To address these challenges, we propose a neural network-based algorithm, which uses the advantages of a machine learning algorithm to… More >

Nehal Al-Otaiby¹, Heba Kurdi^1,*, Shiroq Al-Megren¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.59, No.2, pp. 397-404, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06236

Abstract Trust has become an increasingly important issue given society’s growing reliance on electronic transactions. Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks are among the main electronic transaction environments affected by trust issues due to the freedom and anonymity of peers (users) and the inherent openness of these networks. A malicious peer can easily join a P2P network and abuse its peers and resources, resulting in a large-scale failure that might shut down the entire network. Therefore, a plethora of researchers have proposed trust management systems to mitigate the impact of the problem. However, due to the problem’s scale and complexity, more research is necessary.… More >

Manal Hazazi¹, Afnan Almousa¹, Heba Kurdi^1,2,*, Shiroq Al-Megren¹, Shada Alsalamah¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.59, No.1, pp. 15-29, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.06221

Abstract The underlying premise of peer-to-peer (P2P) systems is the trading of digital resources among individual peers to facilitate file sharing, distributed computing, storage, collaborative applications and multimedia streaming. So-called free-riders challenge the foundations of this system by consuming resources from other peers without offering any resources in return, hindering resource exchange among peers. Therefore, immense effort has been invested in discouraging free-riding and overcoming the ill effects of such unfair use of the system. However, previous efforts have all fallen short of effectively addressing free-riding behaviour in P2P networks. This paper proposes a novel approach based on utilising a credit… More >

Quan Gu¹, Lei Wang¹, Surong Huang^2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.120, No.3, pp. 471-489, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2019.05757

Abstract Peridynamics (PD) is a powerful method to simulate the discontinuous problems in civil engineering. However, it may take a lot of effort to implement the material constitutive models into PD program for solving a broad range of problems. OpenSees is an open source software which includes a versatile material library and has been widely used by researchers and engineers in civil engineering. In this context, the paper presents a simple but effective approach to integrate PD with OpenSees by using a Client-Server (CS) software integration technique, such that the existing material constitutive models in OpenSees can be directly used by… More >

Joel Conte¹, Frank McKenna², Quan Gu^3,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.120, No.3, pp. 467-470, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2019.08174

Abstract This article has no abstract. More >

Deng Li¹, Shuwei Chang^1,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.120, No.2, pp. 305-318, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2019.06475

Abstract Mechanical force plays a critical role in the remodeling and degradation of cartilage tissues. The cartilage tissue generates, absorbs, and transmits mechanical force, enabling specific biological processes in our body. A moderate intensity mechanical force is necessary for cartilage tissue remodeling and the adaptation of biomechanical properties, but a high intensity mechanical force can lead to pathological degradation of cartilage tissue. However, the molecular mechanism of cartilage degradation is still unclear. We use full atomistic simulations with SMD simulations to investigate whether the magnitude of mechanical force affects the unbinding pathway of the MMP8-Aggrecan_IGD complex. We find that when the… More >

Mustafa Turkyilmazoglu^1,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.120, No.1, pp. 63-81, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2019.06858

Abstract A ratio approach based on the simple ratio test associated with the terms of homotopy series was proposed by the author in the previous publications. It was shown in the latter through various comparative physical models that the ratio approach of identifying the range of the convergence control parameter and also an optimal value for it in the homotopy analysis method is a promising alternative to the classically used h-level curves or to the minimizing the residual (squared) error. A mathematical analysis is targeted here to prove the equivalence of both the ratio approach and the traditional residual approach, especially… More >

Masaki Izawa¹, Ryota Araki¹, Tatsuro Suzuki¹, Kaito Watanabe², Kazuhito Misaji^3,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.118, No.3, pp. 493-507, 2019, DOI:10.31614/cmes.2019.04470

Abstract Primary purpose of this research is to create a three-dimensional musculoskeletal mathematical model of a driver of a car using a motion capture system. The model is then used in an analysis of drive torque around joints and attached muscles as a vehicle travels in different travel modes and damping force settings to examine ‘burdens’ for the driver. Previous studies proposed a method of quantifying the degree of musculoskeletal load in simple human motion from the changes in drive torque around joints and attached muscles. However, examination of the level of burdens for the driver while driving using this method… More >

J. E. Sebold¹, L. A. Lacerda², J. A. M. Carrer³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.106, No.2, pp. 127-145, 2015, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2015.106.127

Abstract This paper deals with a Finite Element Method (FEM) for the approximation of the Helmholtz equation for two dimensional problems. The acoustic boundary conditions are weakly posed and an auxiliary problem with homogeneous boundary conditions is defined. This auxiliary approach allows for the formulation of a general solution method. Second order finite elements are used along with a discretization parameter based on the fixed wave vector and the imposed error tolerance. An explicit formula is defined for the mesh size control parameter based on Padé approximant. A parametric analysis is conducted to validate the rectangular finite element approach and the… More >