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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Engineering Model to Predict Behaviors of Shape Memory Alloy Wire for Vibration Applications

    M.K. Kang1, E.H. Kim1, M.S. Rim1, I. Lee1,2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.64, No.3, pp. 227-250, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2010.064.227

    Abstract An engineering model for predicting the behavior of shape memory alloy (SMA) wire is presented in this study. Piecewise linear relations between stress and strain at a given temperature are assumed and the mixture rule of Reuss bounds is applied to get the elastic modulus of the SMAs in the mixed phase. Critical stresses and strains of the start and finish of the phase transformation are calculated at a given temperature by means of a linear constitutive equation and a stress-temperature diagram. Transformation conditions based on the critical stresses are translated in terms of critical strains. Martensite volume fraction and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Efficient Engineering Prediction of Turbulent Wing Tip Vortex Flows

    Sung-Eun Kim1, Shin Hyung Rhee2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.62, No.3, pp. 291-310, 2010, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2010.062.291

    Abstract Turbulent flow past a finite wing has been computed to assess the fidelity of modern computational fluid dynamics in predicting tip vortex flows. The efficacy of a feature-adaptive local mesh refinement to resolve the steep gradients in the flow field near the tip vortex is demonstrated. The impact of turbulence modeling is evaluated using several popular eddy viscosity models and a Reynolds stress transport model. The results indicate that the combination of a computational mesh with an adequate resolution, high-order spatial discretization scheme along with the use of advanced turbulence models can predict tip vortex flows with acceptable accuracy. More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Applications of Meta-Models in Finite Element Based Reliability Analysis of Engineering Structures

    S S Panda1, C S Manohar1,2

    CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.28, No.3, pp. 161-184, 2008, DOI:10.3970/cmes.2008.028.161

    Abstract The problem of reliability analysis of randomly parametered, linear (or) nonlinear, structures subjected to static and (or) dynamic loads is considered. A deterministic finite element model for the structure to analyze sample realization of the structure is assumed to be available. The reliability analysis is carried out within the framework of response surface methods which involves the construction of surrogate models for performance functions to be employed in reliability calculations. This construction, in the present study, has involved combining space filling optimal Latin hypercube sampling, kriging models and methods from data-based asymptotic extreme value modeling of sequence of random variables.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Practical Engineering Approach to the Design and Manufacturing of a mini kW BladeWind Turbine: Definition, optimization and CFD Analysis

    G. Frulla1, P. Gili1, M. Visone2, V. D’Oriano2,3, M. Lappa4

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.11, No.3, pp. 257-277, 2015, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2015.011.257

    Abstract A practical engineering approach to the design of a 60 kW wind generator with improved performances is presented. The proposed approach relies on the use of a specific, "ad hoc'' developed software, OPTIWR (Optimization Software), expressly conceived to define an "optimum'' rotor configuration in the framework of the blade-element-momentum theory. Starting from an initial input geometric configuration (corresponding to an already existing 50 kW turbine) and for given values of the wind velocity Vwind and of the advance ratio X = Vwind/ΩR (where Ω is the blade rotational speed and R is the propeller radius), this software is used to… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Biological Tissue Growth in a Double-Scaffold Configuration

    Marcello Lappa1

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.2, No.2, pp. 141-152, 2006, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2006.002.141

    Abstract Numerical simulations and computer-graphics animation can be used as useful tools to discern the physicochemical environmental factors affecting the surface kinetics of growing biological tissues as well as their relative importance in determining growth. A mathematical formalism for such kinetics is proposed through parametric investigation and validated through focused comparison with experimental results. The study relies on the application of a CFD moving boundary (Volume of Fluid) method specially conceived for the simulation of these problems. In the second part of the analysis the case of two samples hydrodynamically interacting in a rotating bioreactor is considered. The interplay between two… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Scaffolds and Fluid Flow in Cardiac Tissue Engineering

    Milica Radisic1,2, Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic3

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.2, No.1, pp. 1-16, 2006, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2006.002.001

    Abstract To engineer cardiac tissue in vitro with properties approaching those of native tissue, it is necessary to reproduce many of the conditions found in vivo. In particular, cell density must be sufficiently high to enable contractility, which implies a three-dimensional culture with a sufficient oxygen and nutrient supply. In this review, hydrogels and scaffolds that support high cell densities are examined followed by a discussion on the utility of scaffold perfusion to satisfy high oxygen demand of cardiomyocytes and an overview of new bioreactors developed in our laboratory to accomplish this task more simply. More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Oxygen Transport in Tissue Engineering Systems: Cartilage and Myocardium

    B. Obradovic1, M. Radisic2, G. Vunjak-Novakovic3

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.3, No.3, pp. 189-202, 2007, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2007.003.189

    Abstract Efficient transport of oxygen is one of the main requirements in tissue engineering systems in order to avoid cell death in the inner tissue regions and support uniform tissue regeneration. In this paper, we review approaches to design of tissue engineering systems with adequate oxygen delivery for cultivation of cartilage and myocardium, two distinctly different tissue types with respect to the tissue structure and oxygen requirements. Mathematical modeling was used to support experimental results and predict oxygen transport within the cultivated tissues and correlate it to the cell response and tissue properties. More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Fluid Dynamics of a Micro-Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

    P. Yu1, T. S. Lee1, Y. Zeng1, H. T. Low2

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.1, No.3, pp. 235-246, 2005, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2005.001.235

    Abstract A numerical model is developed for the investigation of flow field and mass transport in a micro-bioreactor, of working volume below 5 ml, in which medium mixing is generated by a magnetic stirrer-rod rotating on the bottom. The flow-field results show that a recirculation region exists above the stirrer rod and rotates with it; the related fluid mixing is characterized by a circulation coefficient of up to 0.2 which is about five times smaller than that of a one-litre stirred-tank bioreactor. The oxygen transfer coefficient is less than 5 h-1 which is two orders smaller than that of a 10-litre… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Design of Working Model of Steering, Accelerating and Braking Control for Autonomous Parking Vehicle

    P. K. Shyamshankar1, S. Rajendraboopathy2, R. S. Bhuvaneswaran1,*

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.61, No.1, pp. 55-68, 2019, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2019.07761

    Abstract Now a days, the number of vehicles especially cars are increased day by day and the people expect sophistication with safety and they wish automation for the perfection by reducing their effort and to prevent damage from collision of the vehicle. Parking the vehicle has always been a big task for the drivers that lead to problems such as traffic, congestion, accident, pollution etc. In order to overcome the parking problem, an automatic steering, braking and accelerating system is proposed to park a vehicle in a stipulated area and also to enhance the parking in a safety and secured way.… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    The Effect of Tow Gaps on Compression after Impact Strength of Robotically Laminated Structures

    A. T. Rhead1, T. J. Dodwell1, R. Butler1,2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.35, No.1, pp. 1-16, 2013, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2013.035.001

    Abstract When (robotic) Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) is used to manufacture aerospace components with complex three dimensional geometries, gaps between fibre tows can occur. This paper explores the interaction under compressive load of these tow gaps with impact damage. Two coupons with different distributions of tow-gaps were impacted. Results indicated that the area of delamination is smaller for an impact directly over a tow gap where the tow gap is situated close to the non-impact face. Subsequent Compression After Impact (CAI) testing demonstrated that both the formation of sublaminate buckles and subsequent growth of delaminations is inhibited by the presence of… More >

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