Qiuguo Guan, Zhiyu Ren^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.082704 - 15 June 2026

Abstract To address trust-score drift and unsafe online adaptation under cross-domain attack-contaminated streams in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) edge environments, this paper proposes a risk-aware lightweight test-time adaptation (TTA) framework, named RaL-TTA, for dynamic trust evaluation of edge nodes. RaL-TTA constructs a low-dimensional robust feature space and a source-domain normal-entropy reference baseline, and performs selective online maintenance in the target domain through Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) drift detection, SafeBrake risk gating, Adaptive Batch Normalization (AdaBN) anchor protection, and budgeted sample-level safeguards. Low-risk batches are adapted by updating only lightweight Batch Normalization (BN) parameters, whereas high-risk batches freeze… More >

Yuxian Liu^1,2, Jinzhuo Yao^1,2, Bangxing Han^1,2,*, Cheng Song^1,3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.5, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.082999 - 27 May 2026

Abstract Essential oil is one of the main active ingredients in the medicinal herb Peucedanum praeruptorum. However, limited studies have been conducted on the quality evaluation of this essential oil. Here, we performed an optimization and evaluation of P. praeruptorum volatile oil extraction using response surface methodology. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was employed to screen relevant biomarkers. A sensory evaluation of the volatile oil components of P. praeruptorum was conducted across different time periods, and aroma differences were examined. The optimal extraction process involved an extraction time of 4 h, a soaking time of 2 h, a… More >

Sijun Bao¹, Yingping Chen^1,2,3, Xiaoqiang Wei^1,2,3, Long Tan^1,2,3, Lihui Wang^1,2,3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.5, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.080248 - 27 May 2026

Abstract This study aimed to elucidate the effects of varying seedling ages at planting on the agronomic traits and nutrient content of stem lettuce. The early-maturing variety “WS120” and the late-maturing variety “WS1” were employed as experimental materials. Four seedling age treatments were established at 20, 25, 30, and 35 d. By measuring the agronomic traits and nutrient content of the stem lettuce, we employed correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and the membership function method for a comprehensive evaluation. This study aims to elucidate the optimal planting age for stem lettuce in plateau regions.… More >

Zenghua Zhang^1,2, Yanchun Su^1,2, Zhijie Wei^1,2, Wensheng Zhou^1,2, Chen Liu^1,2, Engao Tang^1,2, Yanhong Wang³, Shanshan Li³, Rui Zhang^3,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2026.077070 - 27 May 2026

Abstract Addressing the complexity of quality evaluation during the R&D phase of the waterflooding sandstone reservoir numerical simulator (OSIM), this study establishes a comprehensive assessment framework driven by client-side requirements. The novelty of this work lies in the integration of a client-driven 146-indicator hierarchy specifically tailored for iterative simulator R&D. First, a hierarchical software quality evaluation model is constructed, encompassing four primary dimensions and 146 secondary indicators. To mitigate the subjectivity inherent in traditional weight assignment, the Fuzzy Best-Worst Method (FBWM) is employed to determine indicator weights. Subsequently, the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to… More >

Ziliang Yang¹, Mykola Sysyn², Jin Li¹, Jizhe Zhang¹, Jian Liu¹, Lei Kou^1,3,*

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.20, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2026.078140 - 18 May 2026

Abstract Accurate assessment of the failure stage of rail rolling contact fatigue (RCF) is critical for guiding timely maintenance by track personnel, ensuring safe rail operations, and reducing maintenance costs. Although various methods have been developed to detect rail damage and classify surface defects, the rolling contact fatigue failure state of rails has not yet been comprehensively and objectively evaluated. This paper introduces the application of image processing and improved deep-learning network algorithms in rail failure evaluation and judgment. Based on Swin Transformer, a deep learning network is developed. By dividing the rail rolling contact fatigue More >

Emir Kuanyshev, Hashim Ali^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.080737 - 08 May 2026

Abstract Refactoring improves maintainability without altering externally observable behavior, yet it remains costly and error-prone when applied manually at scale. While large language models (LLMs) can generate plausible refactorings, practical adoption is limited by uncontrolled edit scope, inconsistent outputs under stochastic decoding, and weak traceability of why a change was produced. This paper proposes a smell-targeted, scope-bound refactoring framework for JavaScript that couples deterministic AST-based smell detection with constrained LLM transformation. The key design principle is to bind generation to explicitly detected smell instances, enforce a structured output contract (refactored code plus per-smell rationale), and log… More >

Anil Kumar¹, Abhay Bhatia¹, Amit Singh², Preeti Rani^3,*, Vincent Omollo Nyangaresi^4,*, Mahendihasan S. Heera⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.88, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.076553 - 08 May 2026

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) enables seamless real-time monitoring and data exchange across distributed and heterogeneous environments with wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The open architecture and resource constraints of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) make them highly vulnerable to internal security threats caused by malicious or compromised nodes, particularly in Internet of Things (IoT) environments. To address this issue, we proposed Dynamic Trust Evaluation Model (DTEM), designed to provide a secure, scalable, and efficient framework for IoT-based WSNs. The proposed model identifies the role of trust management in routing, data aggregation, and intrusion detection, including trust-based… More >

Ahmed Ghazy^*

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.24, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2025.076192 - 30 April 2026

Abstract In this study, the covers of the conventional double slope solar distiller (CDSSD) were replaced with a glass air heater and a glass air-cooled condenser. Ambient air was circulated through the air heater and air-cooled condenser to recover unavoidable heat losses in air heating as an auxiliary product. The thermal performance of the double slope solar distiller integrated with an air heater and an air-cooled condenser (DSSD-AH-ACC) was mathematically evaluated under real weather conditions and varying air flows. The results showed that increasing air flow through the air heater and air-cooled condenser improved the efficiency More >

Ramtin Vamenani^#, Ethan Brister^#, Ling Li^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.078683 - 28 April 2026

Abstract The potting substrate is an important determinant of post-germination growth in Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum under controlled laboratory conditions. We evaluated four commercially available soil substrates—Sta-Green potting mix plus fertilizer (SPM), Sta-Green flower & vegetable garden soil plus fertilizer (SGS), Miracle-Gro potting mix (MPM), and Miracle-Gro raised bed soil (MBS)—to assess their effects on seed germination and post-germination growth. Germination rates did not differ significantly among substrates for either species. In contrast, post-germination growth was strongly influenced by the substrate, with MPM consistently supporting greater biomass accumulation, stem elongation, and leaf production. Through integrated analysis of More >

Hajar Zennouhi^1,2, Rachid Ez-zouggari^1,3, Mamadou Traoré¹, Abderrahim Lazraq², Saadia Belmalha⁴, Rachid Lahlali^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.078088 - 28 April 2026

Abstract Citrus fruits are highly susceptible to post-harvest diseases such as green rot (Penicillium digitatum), blue rot (P. italicum), and sour rot (Geotrichum citri-aurantii), causing significant economic losses. Due to the risks associated with synthetic fungicides and the emergence of resistant strains, natural alternatives are needed. This study evaluated the antifungal activity of aqueous extracts of Corrigiola telephiifolia and Marrubium vulgare. In vitro tests were conducted using PDA medium with extract concentrations of 12.5–100 mg/mL and in vivo assays were performed on artificially wounded oranges with the same extract concentrations. In vitro tests showed strong inhibition of mycelial growth and spore germination, with C. telephiifolia More > Graphic Abstract