Yixia Chen^1,2, Mingwei Lin^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 845-866, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.040970

Abstract The consensus scheme is an essential component in the real blockchain environment. The Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) is a competitive consensus scheme that can decrease energy costs, promote decentralization, and increase efficiency, respectively. However, how to study the knowledge representation of the collective voting information and then select delegates is a new open problem. To ensure the fairness and effectiveness of transactions in the blockchain, in this paper, we propose a novel fine-grained knowledge representation method, which improves the DPoS scheme based on the linguistic term set (LTS) and proportional hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (PHFLTS). To this end,… More >

Wenshu Xu, Mingwei Lin^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.77, No.1, pp. 199-222, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.041475

Abstract Industrial control systems (ICSs) are widely used in various fields, and the information security problems of ICSs are increasingly serious. The existing evaluation methods fail to describe the uncertain evaluation information and group evaluation information of experts. Thus, this paper introduces the probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) to model the evaluation information of experts. Meanwhile, we propose a probabilistic linguistic multi-criteria decision-making (PL-MCDM) method to solve the information security assessment problem of ICSs. Firstly, we propose a novel subscript equivalence distance measure of PLTSs to improve the existing methods. Secondly, we use the Best Worst Method (BWM) method and Criteria… More >

Shun Ma¹, Na Yu¹, Xiuna Wang², Shiyan Mei¹, Mingrui Zhao^2,*, Xiaoyu Han²

Energy Engineering, Vol.120, No.10, pp. 2369-2392, 2023, DOI:10.32604/ee.2023.028727

Abstract Using the improved prospect theory with the linear transformations of rewarding good and punishing bad (RGPBIT), a new investment ranking model for power grid construction projects (PGCPs) is proposed. Given the uncertainty of each index value under the market environment, fuzzy numbers are used to describe qualitative indicators and interval numbers are used to describe quantitative ones. Taking into account decision-maker’s subjective risk attitudes, a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method based on improved prospect theory is proposed. First, the [−1, 1] RGPBIT operator is proposed to normalize the original data, to obtain the best and worst schemes of PGCPs. Furthermore, the… More >

Norah M. Alshahrani^1,2,*, M. L. Mat Kiah^1,*, B. B. Zaidan³, A. H. Alamoodi⁴, Abdu Saif⁵

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.2, pp. 2833-2858, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036138

Abstract A smart contract is a digital program of transaction protocol (rules of contract) based on the consensus architecture of blockchain. Smart contracts with Blockchain are modern technologies that have gained enormous attention in scientific and practical applications. A smart contract is the central aspect of a blockchain that facilitates blockchain as a platform outside the cryptocurrency spectrum. The development of blockchain technology, with a focus on smart contracts, has advanced significantly in recent years. However, research on the smart contract idea has weaknesses in the implementation sectors based on a decentralized network that shares an identical state. This paper extensively… More >

Nabilah Abughazalah¹, Iqra Ishaque², Majid Khan^2,*, Ammar S. Alanazi³, Iqtadar Hussain^4,5

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.2, pp. 1451-1463, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.031855

Abstract In today’s digital world, the most inevitable challenge is the protection of digital information. Due to the weak confidentiality preserving techniques, the existing world is facing several digital information breaches. To make our digital data indecipherable to the unauthorized person, a technique for finding a cryptographically strong Substitution box (S-box) have presented. An S-box with sound cryptographic assets such as nonlinearity (NL), strict avalanche criterion (SAC), bit independence criteria (BIC), bit independence criteria of nonlinearity (BIC-NL), Bit independence criteria of Strict avalanche criteria (BIC-SAC), and Input/output XOR is considered as the robust S-box. The Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL)… More >

Shaista Habib¹, Muhammad Akram^2,*, M. M. Ali Al-Shamiri³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.135, No.3, pp. 2585-2615, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.024551

Abstract According to the World Health Organization (WHO), cancer is the leading cause of death for children in low and middle-income countries. Around 400,000 kids get diagnosed with this illness each year, and their survival rate depends on the country in which they live. In this article, we present a Pythagorean fuzzy model that may help doctors identify the most likely type of cancer in children at an early stage by taking into account the symptoms of different types of cancer. The Pythagorean fuzzy decision-making techniques that we utilize are Pythagorean Fuzzy TOPSIS, Pythagorean Fuzzy Entropy (PF-Entropy), and Pythagorean Fuzzy Power… More > Graphic Abstract

Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain¹, Imran Siddique², Rifaqat Ali³, Fahd Jarad^4,5,6,*, Aiyared Iampan⁷

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.135, No.3, pp. 2557-2583, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.023040

Abstract Hypersoft set theory is a most advanced form of soft set theory and an innovative mathematical tool for dealing with unclear complications. Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft set (PFHSS) is the most influential and capable leeway of the hypersoft set (HSS) and Pythagorean fuzzy soft set (PFSS). It is also a general form of the intuitionistic fuzzy hypersoft set (IFHSS), which provides a better and more perfect assessment of the decision-making (DM) process. The fundamental objective of this work is to enrich the precision of decision-making. A novel mixed aggregation operator called Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft Einstein weighted geometric (PFHSEWG) based on Einstein’s… More >

Phi-Hung Nguyen^*, Hong-Anh Pham

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.74, No.2, pp. 3231-3248, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.031428

Abstract This study aims to assess and rank the service quality of the healthcare system utilizing a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (Fuzzy AHP) and Grey Relational Analysis (Fuzzy GRA) technique. In this study, the six primary characteristics of healthcare service quality, comprising Tangibles (A), Healthcare Staff (B), Responsiveness (C), Relationships (D), Support Service (E), and Accessibility (F), are examined through a case study of 20 private and public hospitals in Hanoi, Vietnam. The weighting results of Fuzzy AHP technique indicated that Responsiveness (C) has the highest ranking, followed by Relationships (D) and Healthcare Staff (B). Meanwhile, Tangibility has finally comprised the… More >

Rana Muhammad Zulqarnain¹, Imran Siddique², Rifaqat Ali³, Fahd Jarad^4,5,6,*, Aiyared Iampan⁷

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.135, No.1, pp. 619-651, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2022.022767

Abstract Experts use Pythagorean fuzzy hypersoft sets (PFHSS) in their investigations to resolve the indeterminate and imprecise information in the decision-making process. Aggregation operators (AOs) perform a leading role in perceptivity among two circulations of prospect and pull out concerns from that perception. In this paper, we extend the concept of PFHSS to interval-valued PFHSS (IVPFHSS), which is the generalized form of interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy soft set. The IVPFHSS competently deals with uncertain and ambagious information compared to the existing interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy soft set. It is the most potent method for amplifying fuzzy data in the decision-making (DM) practice. Some… More >

Ngo Quang Trung, Nguyen Van Thanh^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.73, No.3, pp. 6535-6546, 2022, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2022.031815

Abstract Sustainable marketing, often known as green marketing, has grown in popularity over the last two decades. Government is currently putting pressure to encourage firms to become environmentally aware in multiple aspects like human and financial utilization, advertisement, and product movement. Different types of companies are including many environmental campaigns into their own products to take advantage of the problem. Although many scholars have addressed the relevance of green marketing as well as theory development, this study is unique in that it examines both techniques in a fuzzy context. The integrated Fuzzy Multicriteria Decision Making Model (MCDM) of the analytical hierarchy… More >