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  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Microphysiological systems for modeling gut-organ interaction

    JONG HWAN SUNG*

    BIOCELL, Vol.48, No.8, pp. 1145-1153, 2024, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2024.050365 - 02 August 2024

    Abstract The gut is a digestive organ that absorbs nutrients but also plays a vital role in immune response and defense against external compounds. The complex interaction between the gut microbiota and other organs including the immune system of the host has been known in various contexts, yielding the notion of ‘axes’ between the gut and other organs. While the presence of various gut-organ axes has been reported, the lack of adequate in vitro model systems for studying this interaction has restricted a deeper insight into these phenomena. Recently developed microphysiological systems (MPS), also known as organ-on-a-chip, More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Effect of Velocity Ratio, Viscosity Ratio, Contact Angle, and Channel Size Ratio on Droplet Formation

    Mohammed Bourega*, Ibrahim Kromba, Khadidja Fellah Arbi, Sofiane Soulimane

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.19, No.10, pp. 2471-2480, 2023, DOI:10.32604/fdmp.2023.028661 - 25 June 2023

    Abstract This study uses a T-junction to examine the effects of different parameters (velocity ratio, viscosity, contact angle, and channel size ratio) on the generation of microdroplets, related rate, and size. More specifically, numerical simulations are exploited to investigate situations with a velocity varying from 0.004 to 1.6 m/s for the continuous phase and from 0.004 to 0.8 m/s for the dispersed phase, viscosity ratios (0.668, 1, 6.689, 10, 66.899), contact angle 80° < θ < 270° and four different canal size ratios (1, 1.5, 2 and 4). The results show that canal size influences droplet More > Graphic Abstract

    Effect of Velocity Ratio, Viscosity Ratio, Contact Angle, and Channel Size Ratio on Droplet Formation

  • Open Access

    REVIEW

    Microfluidic platform for circulating tumor cells isolation and detection

    JIAHAO ZHANG1,2,3, JIE REN4, ZIRUI LI1,2,3,*, YIXING GOU1,2,3,*

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.7, pp. 1439-1447, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.028628 - 21 June 2023

    Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are essential biomarkers for liquid biopsies, which are important in the early screening, prognosis, and real-time monitoring of cancer. However, CTCs are less abundant in the peripheral blood of patients, therefore, their isolation is necessary. Recently, the use of microfluidics for CTC sorting has become a research hotspot owing to its low cost, ease of integration, low sample consumption, and unique advantages in the manipulation of micron-sized particles. Herein, we review the latest research on microfluidics-based CTC sorting. Specifically, we consider active sorting using external fields (electric, magnetic, acoustic, and optical More >

  • Open Access

    VIEWPOINT

    Microfluidic methods used in exosome isolation

    ADEM OZCELIK1,*, OZGE CEVIK2

    BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.5, pp. 959-964, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.028371 - 10 April 2023

    Abstract Exosomes are important biomarkers for clinical diagnosis. It is critical to isolate secreted exosomes from bodily fluids such as blood, saliva, breast milk, and urine for liquid biopsy applications. The field of microfluidics provides numerous benefits for biosample processing, diagnostics, and prognostics. Several microfluidics-based methods have been employed for the isolation and purification of exosomes in the last ten years. These microfluidic methods can be grouped into two categories based on passive and active isolation mechanisms. In the first group, inertial and hydrodynamic forces are employed to separate exosomes based on their size differences. In More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations at Micro-Scale Stenosis for Microfluidic Thrombosis Model Characterization

    Yunduo Charles Zhao1,2,#, Parham Vatankhah1,#, Tiffany Goh1,2,3, Jiaqiu Wang4, Xuanyi Valeria Chen1, Moein Navvab Kashani5,6, Keke Zheng7, Zhiyong Li4, Lining Arnold Ju1,2,3,*

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.18, No.1, pp. 1-10, 2021, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2021.012598 - 26 January 2021

    Abstract Platelet aggregation plays a central role in pathological thrombosis, preventing healthy physiological blood flow within the circulatory system. For decades, it was believed that platelet aggregation was primarily driven by soluble agonists such as thrombin, adenosine diphosphate and thromboxane A2. However, recent experimental findings have unveiled an intriguing but complementary biomechanical mechanism—the shear rate gradients generated from flow disturbance occurring at sites of blood vessel narrowing, otherwise known as stenosis, may rapidly trigger platelet recruitment and subsequent aggregation. In our Nature Materials 2019 paper [1], we employed microfluidic devices which incorporated micro-scale stenoses to elucidate the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Computational Microfluidic Channel for Separation of Escherichia coli from Blood-Cells

    Chinnapalli Likith Kumar1,*, A. Vimala Juliet1, Bandaru Ramakrishna2, Shubhangi Chakraborty1, Mazin Abed Mohammed3, Kalakanda Alfred Sunny4

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.67, No.2, pp. 1369-1384, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.015116 - 05 February 2021

    Abstract Microfluidic channels play a vital role in separation of analytes of interest such as bacteria and platelet cells, etc., in various biochemical diagnosis procedures including urinary tract infections (UTI) and bloodstream infections. This paper presents the multi physics computational model specifically designed to study the effects of design parameters of a microfluidics channel for the separation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from various blood constituents including red blood cells (RBC) and platelets. A standard two inlet and a two outlet microchannel of length 805 m with a channel width of 40 m is simulated. The effect of… More >

  • Open Access

    ABSTRACT

    The Dependence of Diffusio-Phoretic Mobility and Aggregation Properties of Proteins on Intermolecular Interaction in Confined System

    Jiachen Wei1,2,*

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 103-104, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.07721

    Abstract Phoretic flow can be generated by different types of gradient (e.g. temperature, concentration, or charge gradient) [1-3]. Within micro-to-nano confined system, the diffusio-phoretic property for proteins differs dramatically from that obtained in bulk condition, due to concentration fluctuation that emerges at microscopic level induced by specific and nonspecific interactions between protein and co-solute [4-5]. The phoretic mobility of protein individuals and complex in solute gradients can be theoretically described by continuum model [1-2] that neglects microscopic heterogeneity and determined experimentally by microfluidics [6], but the underlying mechanism of diffusio-phoretic motion for confined protein still remains… More >

  • Open Access

    ABSTRACT

    Mechanosensing Dynmics of Red Blood Cells

    Sitong Zhou1, Jiandi Wan1,*

    Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, Vol.16, Suppl.2, pp. 70-70, 2019, DOI:10.32604/mcb.2019.06978

    Abstract Piezo proteins (Piezo1 and Piezo2) are recently identified mechanically activated cation channels in eukaryotic cells and associated with physiological responses to touch, pressure, and stretch. In particular, human RBCs express Piezo1 on their membranes, and mutations of Piezo1 have been linked to hereditary xerocytosis. To date, however, physiological functions of Piezo1 on normal RBCs remain poorly understood. Here, we show that Piezo1 regulates mechanotransductive release of ATP from human RBCs by controlling the shear-induced Ca2+ influx [1]. We find that, in human RBCs treated with Piezo1 inhibitors or having mutant Piezo1 channels, the amounts of More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Elaboration of Materials with Functionality Gradients by Assembly of Chitosan-Collagen Microspheres Produced by Microfluidics

    David Azria1,2, Raluca Guermache1,2, Sophie Raisin1, Sébastien Blanquer1, Frédéric Gobeaux3, Marie Morille1, Emmanuel Belamie1,2,*

    Journal of Renewable Materials, Vol.6, No.3, pp. 314-324, 2018, DOI:10.7569/JRM.2017.634186

    Abstract Biopolymers extracted from renewable resources like chitosan and collagen exhibit interesting properties for the elaboration of materials designed for tissue engineering applications, among which are their hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and biodegradability. In many cases, functional recovery of an injured tissue or organ requires oriented cell outgrowth, which is particularly critical for nerve regeneration. Therefore, there is a growing interest for the elaboration of materials exhibiting functionalization gradients able to guide cells. Here, we explore an original way of elaborating such gradients by assembling particles from a library of functionalized microspheres. We propose a simple process to More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Computational Investigation of Droplets Behaviour inside Passive Microfluidic Oscillator

    Tawfiq Chekifi1, *, Brahim Dennai2, Rachid Khelfaoui2

    FDMP-Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing, Vol.13, No.3, pp. 173-187, 2017, DOI:10.3970/fdmp.2017.013.173

    Abstract Recently, modeling immiscible fluids such as oil and water have been a classical research topic. Droplet-based microfluidics presents a unique platform for mixing, reaction, separation, dispersion of drops and many other functions. In this paper, we suggest a numerical CFD study of microfluidic oscillator with two different lengths of feedback loop. In order to produce simultaneous droplets of gasoil on water, a typical geometry that includes double T-junction is connected to the fluidic oscillator. Droplets production is computed by volume-of-fluid method (VOF). Flow oscillations of droplets were triggered by the Coanda effect of jet flow. More >

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