Yu Zheng^1,#, Peng Zheng^2,#, Yidan Zheng³, Zihan Xi^1,*, Tao Huang^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.087138 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Objective: Liposomal doxorubicin (L-DOX) may alter macrophage-mediated immune regulation in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but its role in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-associated immune escape remains unclear. This study aimed to determine whether L-DOX induces a macrophage-centered PD-L1 response and affects the efficacy of PD-L1 blockade in TNBC. Methods: Public bulk and single-cell transcriptomic datasets, bone marrow-derived macrophage models, CD8⁺ T-cell co-culture assays, promoter-binding analyses, and syngeneic EO771 and 4T1 TNBC mouse models were used to examine PD-L1 regulation and immune function after L-DOX treatment. Results: The principal findings were that L-DOX preferentially induced a PD-L1-high macrophage state… More > Graphic Abstract

Shaoxiong Bai^1,#, Yilei Duan^2,#, Tian Yao¹, Yanan Shi¹, Xin Zhang³, Xiaole Ma¹, Kai Jia^1,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.085030 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Background: Exosomes mediate intercellular communication within the tumor microenvironment. However, their role in modulating mast cell activity in gastric cancer (GC) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate whether GC-derived exosomes activate mast cells via the SCF/c-KIT pathway to promote angiogenesis and metastasis, and to assess the therapeutic potential of targeting this axis. Methods: Exosomes were isolated from GC cell lines (AGS, MKN1), a normal gastric epithelial cell line (GES-1), and mouse gastric tumor tissues, followed by characterization via NTA, TEM, and western blot. Mast cell (LAD2) degranulation was quantified by β-hexosaminidase release and ELISA. Cell… More >

Lorenzo Spirito¹, Cristina Quintavalle², Paola Coppola¹, Matteo Esposito³, Francesco Esposito^2,3, Gabriella De Vita³, Pierlorenzo Pallante^2,3,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.10, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.078045 - 14 September 2026

Abstract Because of its limited treatment choices and high recurrence rates, bladder cancer (BCa) presents a significant clinical issue. As a result, current research is concentrated on creating novel approaches for early diagnosis and more specialized treatments. Nanorobots hold significant potential as precise medicine-delivery systems and as in situ diagnostic vectors within this dynamic environment. Personalized treatments are becoming increasingly feasible thanks to new insights into the molecular pathways driving tumor growth, revealed through studies on exosomes and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), however, their true potential lies in integrating these findings. This review analyzes the role of nanorobots,… More >

Leonardo Acuña¹, Mariam Ahumada Sabagh², Víctor David Osorio Castillo^1,2, Caverly Gooden³, María Luisa Veisaga⁴, Juan Liuzzi^5,6, Manuel A. Barbieri^2,3,5,6,7,*

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.079670 - 26 August 2026

Abstract Costunolide, a sesquiterpene lactone from Saussurea lappa Clarke, exhibits broad pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects. This review examines its emerging potential as a host-directed antiviral compound. Costunolide modulates conserved host signaling pathways frequently exploited during viral infection, including nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), the NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Inhibition of NF-κB may suppress viral transcription in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infection, while NLRP3 blockade may limit inflammasome-driven viral reactivation in Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection and attenuate hyperinflammation in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) More >

Mingxuan Jia, Chenglong Shi, Yang Ye, Wen Huang, Jian Peng^*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.084123 - 13 August 2026

Abstract With the development of electronic voting schemes, traditional on-site voting is gradually being replaced because of its organizational inconveniences. However, electronic voting takes place in an uncontrollable environment, which opens up the possibility of voter coercion. In this paper, we propose an electronic voting scheme with the property of coercion resistance and privacy preservation. In particular, we introduce the concept of somewhat deniable voting. Somewhat deniable voting gives up verifiability to some extent but not all in exchange for coercion resistance under the condition that the election result remains unchanged. Besides, a somewhat deniable voting More >

Sonam Jain¹, Tanya Gera^2,*, Rupali Gill¹, Afnan Almegren³, Ateeq Ur Rehman^4,*, Salil Bharany¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.89, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.083615 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Android ransomware has emerged as a major threat to mobile ecosystems. Modern Android ransomware has evolved beyond the reach of traditional signature-based detection, often lying dormant until specific strategic triggers activate its malicious payload. These strategic ransomware variants activate payloads only under specific device states, events, and conditions that are absent in a sandbox testing environment. To address these sophisticated evasion tactics, this article introduces a novel framework, McIFAR (Multi-contextual Interaction-based Detection Framework for Android Ransomware), that leverages in-context emulation within malware sandboxing to elicit dormant behaviours that are missed by conventional testing, thereby transcending… More >

Kyungeun Kim^1,2,#, Eunho Cho^3,#, Eun Joo Chung⁴, Kwon-Ho Song⁵, Tae Woo Kim^3,6, Seoung Wan Chae^1,*, Joon-Yong Chung^7,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.083437 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Objectives: Gastric cancer remains a major global health burden, and robust biomarkers are needed to improve risk stratification. Although peptidyl-prolyl isomerase B (PPIB) has been suggested as a potential oncogenic factor, its clinical utility in gastric cancer remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of PPIB mRNA expression and delineate its functional role in driving tumor progression. Methods: PPIB mRNA expression was evaluated in a retrospective cohort of 497 gastric cancer patients using RNAscope in situ hybridization and digital image analysis. Functional roles and underlying mechanism were assessed through siRNA-mediated knockdown, plasmid-driven overexpression,… More >

Wen Gao^1,2, Xingyu Zheng^1,2, Yanan Hu^1,2, Rui Zou³, Yongan Zhou⁴, Xiang Song^2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.9, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.082652 - 13 August 2026

Abstract Background: As a core component of the immunoproteasome, the β1i subunit (proteasome 20S subunit beta 9, PSMB9) is involved in antigen processing and presentation and regulates anti-tumor immune responses. PSMB9 is aberrantly overexpressed in colorectal cancer. However, the precise mechanisms through which PSMB9 contributes to the initiation, progression, and immune regulation of colorectal cancer remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the expression characteristics and biological functions of PSMB9 in colorectal cancer, and to further elucidate the molecular pathways underlying its role in colorectal cancer initiation and progression. The findings are expected to provide a theoretical… More >

Katerina Basharova^1,2,#,*, Anastasia Bezrukova^1,2,#, Alena Kopytova^1,2, Anna Lavrinova^1,2, Galina Baydakova³, Irina Miliukhina^1,4, Ekaterina Zakharova^1,3, Anton Emelyanov^1,2, Sofya Pchelina^1,2, Tatiana Usenko^1,2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.079585 - 27 July 2026

Abstract Objectives: Synucleinopathies—Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA)—involve alpha-synuclein aggregation and lysosomal dysfunction. We conducted a longitudinal study of lysosomal hydrolase activities and lysosphingolipid levels in blood and PBMC-derived macrophages from patients, and assessed the effects of LRRK2 inhibition (MLi-2). Methods: Blood and PBMC-derived macrophages were collected from patients with idiopathic PD (iPD), DLB, MSA, and controls. Enzyme activities (GCase, ASMase, GLA, GALC) and lysosphingolipids (HexSph, LysoGb3, LysoSM) were measured. Autophagy markers (p62, LC3B-II) and cathepsin D (CTSD) were analyzed by western blot. Effects of MLi-2 were evaluated in macrophages. Results:… More >

Mohammad Muzaffar Mir^1,*, Rashid Mir^2,3, Badr A. Alsayed⁴, Mohammed M. Jalal³, Malik A. Altayar³, Hanan M. Aljammaz⁵, Zinab Alatawi⁶, Khalid A. Alfifi², Basmah M. Alenzi⁷, Mohammad Tanveer Khaji⁸, Umair Ismail⁹, Ghada Mohamed^10,11, Nada Zai Sageer¹², Abdullatif Taha Babakr¹³, Saba M. Mir¹⁴, Ulfat Jan¹⁵

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.8, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.077540 - 27 July 2026

Abstract The tuberculosis (TB) epidemic continues to be one of the largest public health challenges affecting people globally, especially due to late diagnosis, disease monitoring, and prognosis. Currently used diagnostic tools have variable sensitivity and accessibility, and many have limited ability to differentiate between latent and active TB. In case of TB, exosomes from cells infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) have disease-specific antigens, microRNAs, and other molecular components, which make them potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. This review focuses on previously published literature regarding the role of exosomes and exosomal antigens in TB screening and prognostication. It… More >