YAFEI WANG^1,2,#, JIELEI NI^1,#, YUHAN LIU², DINGYING LIAO³, QIANWEN ZHOU¹, XIAOYANG JI², GANG NIU², YANXIANG NI^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.12, pp. 2567-2578, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.043781

Abstract Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition characterized by intellectual disability, delayed brain development, and early onset Alzheimer’s disease. The use of primary neural cells and tissues is important for understanding this disease, but there are ethical and practical issues, including availability from patients and experimental manipulability. Moreover, there are significant genetic and physiological differences between animal models and humans, which limits the translation of the findings in animal studies to humans. Advancements in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) technology have revolutionized DS research by providing a valuable tool for studying the cellular and molecular pathologies associated with DS. Induced… More >

FATEMEH HEIDARI^1,2, REIHANEH SEYEDEBRAHIMI^1,2, PIAO YANG³, MOHSEN ESLAMI FARSANI^1,2, SHIMA ABABZADEH^2,4, NASER KALHOR⁵, HAMED MANOOCHEHRI⁶, MOHSEN SHEYKHHASAN^7,*, MARYAM AZIMZADEH^8,9,*

BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.12, pp. 2597-2608, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.043351

Abstract Exosomes are small vesicles that carry molecules from one cell to another. They have many features that make them interesting for research, such as their stability, low immunogenicity, size of the nanoscale, toxicity, and selective delivery. Exosomes can also interact with viruses in diverse ways. Emerging research highlights the significant role of exosomes in viral infections, particularly in the context of diseases like COVID-19, HIV, HBV and HCV. Understanding the intricate interplay between exosomes and the human immune system holds great promise for the development of effective antiviral therapies. An important aspect is gaining clarity on how exosomes influence the… More >

JINJIN FU^1,#, XIAOYUE FENG^2,#, JUAN WEI², XIANG GENG¹, YU GONG¹, FENGDONG LI¹, SHAOHUA ZHUANG¹, JIN HUANG¹, FANGYU WANG^2,*

BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.12, pp. 2627-2639, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.042586

Abstract Background: This study aimed to elucidate the potential mechanisms through which bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) may be effective in alleviating experimental colitis induced by treatment with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonate acid (TNBS), specifically through autophagy modulation. Methods: BM-MSCs were collected from BALB/c mice for subsequent experiments. The study employed cell counting kits (CCK-8) to investigate the impact of the MSC-conditioned medium (M medium) on the proliferation of RAW264.7 macrophages. The GFP-mRFP-LC3 adenovirus was transfected into RAW264.7 to detect autophagic flux. The gene expression of cytokines was assessed through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Western blot analysis was employed to… More >

JING LI^1,2, WANWAN FAN⁴, LILI HAO¹, YONGSHENG LI⁵, GUOCHENG YU¹, WEI SUN⁶, XIANQIONG LUO^2,*, JINGXIANG ZHONG^1,3,*

BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.11, pp. 2485-2494, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.044177

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to investigate the potential of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC)-derived exosomes (hucMSC-Exos) in inhibiting hypoxia-induced cell hyper proliferation and overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) in immature human fetal retinal microvascular endothelial cells (hfRMECs). Methods: Exosomes were isolated from hucMSCs using cryogenic ultracentrifugation and characterized through various techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, bicinchoninic acid assays, and western blotting. The hfRMECs were identified using von Willebrand factor (vWF) co-staining and divided into four groups: a control group cultured under normoxic condition, a hypoxic model group, a hypoxic group treated with… More > Graphic Abstract

YUN ZHANG^1,2,#, SHALING TANG^1,2,#, YUBO GAO^1,2, ZHONGTING LU^1,2, YUAN YANG^1,2, JING CHEN³, TAO LI^4,*

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 61-71, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.043481

Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major global health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Surgical resection is the main treatment for early-stage CRC, but detecting it early is challenging. Therefore, effective therapeutic targets for advanced patients are still lacking. Exosomes, tiny vesicles in body fluids, play a crucial role in tumor metastasis, immune regulation, and drug resistance. Interestingly, they can even serve as a biomarker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Studies have shown that exosomes can carry miRNA, mediate the polarization of M1/M2 macrophages, promote the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells, and affect the prognosis of CRC. Since… More > Graphic Abstract

VIGNESH BALAJI E¹, DIVYA RAMESH², MANISHA CHUNGAN SHAJU³, AKSHARA KUMAR⁴, SAMYAK PANDEY¹, RAKSHA NAYAK¹, V. ALKA⁵, SRISHTI MUNJAL⁶, AMIR SALIMI⁷, K. SREEDHARA RANGANATH PAI^1,*, SHANKAR M. BAKKANNAVAR²

Oncology Research, Vol.32, No.1, pp. 73-94, 2024, DOI:10.32604/or.2023.030401

Abstract Exosomes, small tiny vesicle contains a large number of intracellular particles that employ to cause various diseases and prevent several pathological events as well in the human body. It is considered a “double-edged sword”, and depending on its biological source, the action of exosomes varies under physiological conditions. Also, the isolation and characterization of the exosomes should be performed accurately and the methodology also will vary depending on the exosome source. Moreover, the uptake of exosomes from the recipients’ cells is a vital and initial step for all the physiological actions. There are different mechanisms present in the exosomes’ cellular… More > Graphic Abstract

XIANGYU QUAN¹, XUETING MA¹, GUODONG LI², XUEQI FU¹, JIANGTAO LI¹, LINLIN ZENG^1,*

BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.10, pp. 2163-2176, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.031226

Abstract Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with a 30–150 nm diameter originating from endosomes. In recent years, scientists have regarded exosomes as an ideal small molecule carrier for the targeted treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) across the blood-brain barrier due to their nanoscale size and low immunogenicity. A large amount of evidence shows that exosomes are rich in biomarkers, and it has been found that the changes in biomarker content in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine are often associated with the onset of AD patients. In this paper, some recent advances in the use of exosomes in the treatment of AD are… More > Graphic Abstract

NAN TANG^1,#, YAJING ZHAN^1,#, JIAYAN MAO^2,#, ANKANG YIN¹, WEI WANG^3,*, JUAN WANG^3,*

BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.9, pp. 2009-2026, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.029269

Abstract Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant tumor with high incidence worldwide. Triptolide (TP), extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F, exhibits potent broad-spectrum antitumor activity. Although some mechanisms through which TP inhibits NSCLC are well understood, those that involve ribosomal proteins remain yet to be understood. In this study, the transcriptome and proteome were integrated and analyzed. Our data indicated ribosomal protein L4 (RPL4) to be a core hub protein in the protein-protein interaction network. RPL4 is overexpressed in NSCLC tissues and cells. Transfection with siRPL4 or TP treatment alone arrested the cell cycle in the G1 phase, induced… More > Graphic Abstract

WEI LU^1,*, KAN GUO², DIANMEI XI¹, ZHAOXIA XIA¹

BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.9, pp. 1995-2008, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.024591

Abstract Background: Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes are closely related to pyroptosis in diabetic nephropathy (DN). This study aimed to explore the protective effect of exosomal miR-30a-5p on podocyte pyroptosis in DN. Methods: Streptozotocin was used to establish the mouse model of DN. Human bone marrow MSC-derived exosomes were extracted and identified via transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and western blotting. MiR-30a-5p mimics and non-control (NC) mimics were transfected into MSCs and podocytes, and exosomes were isolated from the MSCs. High glucose (HG)-induced podocyte model was established to determine the effect of exosomal miR-30a-5p on pyroptosis and inflammation in vitro.… More >

CARL RANDALL HARREL¹, VALENTIN DJONOV², ANA VOLAREVIC³, DRAGICA PAVLOVIC⁴, VLADISLAV VOLAREVIC^4,5,*

BIOCELL, Vol.47, No.8, pp. 1757-1769, 2023, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2023.028567

Abstract Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-Exos) are nano-sized extracellular vesicles enriched with bioactive molecules, such as microRNAs, enzymes, cytokines, chemokines, immunomodulatory, trophic, and growth factors. These molecules regulate the survival, phenotype, and function of malignant and tumor-infiltrated immune cells. Due to their nano-size and bilayer lipid envelope, MSC-Exos can easily bypass biological barriers and may serve as drug carriers to deliver chemotherapeutics directly into the tumor cells. Here, we summarize current knowledge regarding molecular mechanisms responsible for MSC-Exos-dependent modulation of tumor progression and discuss insights regarding the therapeutic potential of MSC-Exos in the treatment of malignant diseases. More > Graphic Abstract