Saad Alahmari^1,*, Abdulwhab Alkharashi²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.1, pp. 849-873, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.062549 - 11 April 2025

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) is emerging as an innovative phenomenon concerned with the development of numerous vital applications. With the development of IoT devices, huge amounts of information, including users’ private data, are generated. IoT systems face major security and data privacy challenges owing to their integral features such as scalability, resource constraints, and heterogeneity. These challenges are intensified by the fact that IoT technology frequently gathers and conveys complex data, creating an attractive opportunity for cyberattacks. To address these challenges, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques, such as machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL),… More >

Yu-Cheng Liao¹, Fu-I Chou^1,*, Po-Yuan Yang², Jyh-Horng Chou³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.1, pp. 335-349, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.062228 - 11 April 2025

Abstract This paper presents an allowable-tolerance-based group search optimization (AT-GSO), which combines the robust GSO (R-GSO) and the external quality design planning of the Taguchi method. AT-GSO algorithm is used to optimize the heat transfer area of the heat exchanger system. The R-GSO algorithm integrates the GSO algorithm with the Taguchi method, utilizing the Taguchi method to determine the optimal producer in each iteration of the GSO algorithm to strengthen the robustness of the search process and the ability to find the global optima. In conventional parameter design optimization, it is typically assumed that the designed… More >

Murat Cikan^*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.1, pp. 673-721, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.061699 - 11 April 2025

Abstract This study examines various issues arising in three-phase unbalanced power distribution networks (PDNs) using a comprehensive optimization approach. With the integration of renewable energy sources, increasing energy demands, and the adoption of smart grid technologies, power systems are undergoing a rapid transformation, making the need for efficient, reliable, and sustainable distribution networks increasingly critical. In this paper, the reconfiguration problem in a 37-bus unbalanced PDN test system is solved using five different popular metaheuristic algorithms. Among these advanced search algorithms, the Bonobo Optimizer (BO) has demonstrated superior performance in handling the complexities of unbalanced power… More >

Shaher Momani^1,2, Rabha W. Ibrahim^3,*, Yeliz Karaca⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.1, pp. 809-826, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.059700 - 11 April 2025

Abstract Fractional discrete systems can enable the modeling and control of the complicated processes more adaptable through the concept of versatility by providing system dynamics’ descriptions with more degrees of freedom. Numerical approaches have become necessary and sufficient to be addressed and employed for benefiting from the adaptability of such systems for varied applications. A variety of fractional Layla and Majnun model (LMM) system kinds has been proposed in the current work where some of these systems’ key behaviors are addressed. In addition, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the stability and asymptotic stability of the… More >

Kaku Haribabu^1,*, Prasath R¹, Praveen Joe IR²

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.1, pp. 413-448, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.059406 - 11 April 2025

Abstract Thyroid nodules, a common disorder in the endocrine system, require accurate segmentation in ultrasound images for effective diagnosis and treatment. However, achieving precise segmentation remains a challenge due to various factors, including scattering noise, low contrast, and limited resolution in ultrasound images. Although existing segmentation models have made progress, they still suffer from several limitations, such as high error rates, low generalizability, overfitting, limited feature learning capability, etc. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a Multi-level Relation Transformer-based U-Net (MLRT-UNet) to improve thyroid nodule segmentation. The MLRT-UNet leverages a novel Relation Transformer, which processes… More >

Vidyalakshmi G¹, S Gopikrishnan^2,*, Wadii Boulila³, Anis Koubaa³, Gautam Srivastava^4,5

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.143, No.1, pp. 51-113, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2025.057788 - 11 April 2025

Abstract Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) represent an integration of computational and physical elements, revolutionizing industries by enabling real-time monitoring, control, and optimization. A complementary technology, Digital Twin (DT), acts as a virtual replica of physical assets or processes, facilitating better decision making through simulations and predictive analytics. CPS and DT underpin the evolution of Industry 4.0 by bridging the physical and digital domains. This survey explores their synergy, highlighting how DT enriches CPS with dynamic modeling, real-time data integration, and advanced simulation capabilities. The layered architecture of DTs within CPS is examined, showcasing the enabling technologies and… More >

Zihang Wang¹, Ying Peng¹, Xiong Lan², Xiaoyu Bai³, Chao Deng¹, Yuan Ren^1,*

Structural Durability & Health Monitoring, Vol.19, No.3, pp. 643-664, 2025, DOI:10.32604/sdhm.2025.060302 - 03 April 2025

Abstract To investigate the influence of different longitudinal constraint systems on the longitudinal displacement at the girder ends of a three-tower suspension bridge, this study takes the Cangrong Xunjiang Bridge as an engineering case for finite element analysis. This bridge employs an unprecedented tower-girder constraint method, with all vertical supports placed at the transition piers at both ends. This paper aims to study the characteristics of longitudinal displacement control at the girder ends under this novel structure, relying on finite element (FE) analysis. Initially, based on the Weigh In Motion (WIM) data, a random vehicle load… More >

Alexis Salazar-Navarro¹, Víctor Ruíz-Valdiviezo², José Joya-Dávila¹, Daniel González-Mendoza^1,*, Olivia Tzintzun-Camacho¹, Ulin Basilio-Cortes¹, Dagoberto Duran-Hernández¹, Henry López-Lopez¹, Onecimo Grimaldo-Juárez¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 641-655, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.062871 - 31 March 2025

Abstract The biochemical response of Coffea arabica var. Borbon to chitosan and chitosan oligosaccharides (COS) was evaluated in one-year-old plants under greenhouse conditions. COS solutions were synthesized through chemical and physical hydrolysis using acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, and microwave irradiation. The obtained COS had an average molecular weight (Mw) of 3549.90 ± 0.33 Daltons (Da), a deacetylation degree (DD) of 76.64 ± 1.12%, and a polymerization degree (PD) of 18.91 ± 0.0018. Solutions of chitosan and COS were applied to C. arabica var. Borbon at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, and 1 wt%. The experimental design was conducted using… More >

Baxter L. M. Williams^1,*, Henri Croft¹, James Hunt¹, Josh Viloria¹, Nathan Sherman¹, James Oliver¹, Brody Green¹, Alexey Turchin², Juan B. García Martínez², Joshua M. Pearce^3,4, David Denkenberger^1,2,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1265-1285, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.063276 - 31 March 2025

Abstract Following global catastrophic infrastructure loss (GCIL), traditional electricity networks would be damaged and unavailable for energy supply, necessitating alternative solutions to sustain critical services. These alternative solutions would need to run without damaged infrastructure and would likely need to be located at the point of use, such as decentralized electricity generation from wood gas. This study explores the feasibility of using modified light duty vehicles to self-sustain electricity generation by producing wood chips for wood gasification. A 2004 Ford Falcon Fairmont was modified to power a woodchipper and an electrical generator. The vehicle successfully produced… More >

Xueli Wang¹, Yan Jia^2,*, Degong Zuo³

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.4, pp. 1603-1627, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.062908 - 31 March 2025

Abstract The development of efficient and clean heating technologies is crucial for reducing carbon emissions in regions with severe cold regions. This research designs a novel two-stage phase change heat storage coupled solar-air source heat pump heating system structure that is specifically designed for such regions. The two-stage heat storage device in this heating system expands the storage temperature range of solar heat. The utilization of the two-stage heat storage device not only makes up for the instability of the solar heating system, but can also directly meet the building heating temperature, and can reduce the… More > Graphic Abstract