Debasish Bandyopadhyay^1,*, Romit Majumder^1,2,#, Madhuri Datta^1,2,#, Adrita Banerjee^1,2, Aindrila Chattopadhyay²

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.6, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.075963 - 09 June 2026

Abstract Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are widely prescribed, but their long-term use frequently results in gastric mucosal injury. Emerging evidence indicates that, beyond cyclooxygenase inhibition, mitochondrial dysfunction represents a central mechanism driving NSAID-induced gastric epithelial damage. This review aims to critically synthesize current evidence on mitochondria-centered pathways involved in NSAID-induced gastric ulceration and to evaluate the therapeutic relevance of melatonin in this context. We highlight how NSAIDs impair mitochondrial bioenergetics, promote excessive reactive oxygen species generation, disrupt membrane potential, and activate apoptotic signaling, thereby compromising mucosal integrity. Importantly, melatonin exerts multifaceted gastroprotective actions by preserving mitochondrial More >

Gyuri Han^#, Yun Hee Jeong^#, Ga Eun Kim, Jong-Sup Bae^*

BIOCELL, Vol.50, No.5, 2026, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2026.075139 - 13 May 2026

Abstract Objectives: Plant-derived bioactive molecules are increasingly recognized as valuable therapeutic resources for managing diverse pathological conditions, particularly those involving vascular inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether veratramine (VRT), a naturally occurring steroidal alkaloid found in Veratrum species of the Liliaceae family, attenuates LPS-induced vascular and pulmonary inflammation by upregulating heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and modulating the Nrf2, nuclear factor (NF)-κB, and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1) signaling pathways. Methods: The study assessed the modulatory effects of VRT on HO-1, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in LPS-activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells… More > Graphic Abstract

Haofan Lv¹, Qihang Zhang¹, Yufan He¹, Wuwei Xin², Wei Liu^1,*, Chunpeng Wan^1,3,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.076015 - 28 April 2026

Abstract The fruits of Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. have been traditionally utilized as both medicinal and edible resource, however, their specific phytochemical profile and anti-inflammatory mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. This study aimed to isolate and identify the chemical constituents from the fruits and evaluate their anti-inflammatory activities. The separation was performed using a combination of chromatographic techniques. The structures of the obtained compounds were elucidated using a combination of ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). The anti-inflammatory activity of the compounds was initially investigated based on their capacity to inhibit… More >

Mario D’Ambrosio¹, Elisabetta Bigagli^1,*, Lorenzo Cinci¹, Cecilia Brunetti^2,*, Edgardo Giordani³, Francesco Ferrini³, Cristina Luceri¹

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.073250 - 30 January 2026

Abstract Moringa oleifera (MO) is traditionally used to mitigate inflammatory-mediated disorders; however, the influence of ecotypic variation on its anti-inflammatory activity remains poorly understood. In this study, we compared the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanolic extracts obtained from fresh and dried leaves of four MO ecotypes (India, Paraguay, Mozambique, and Pakistan), all grown under the same outdoor conditions, as well as two commercial powders (Just Moringa and WISSA), using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Extracts from fresh leaves were 19–43% more cytotoxic than those from dried leaves, depending on the ecotype, likely due to higher cyanogenic… More >

Oleh Koshovyi¹, Amal D. Premarathna², Rando Tuvikene², Valdas Jakštas^3,4, Vaidotas Žvikas³, Yurii Hrytsyk⁵, Lyubov Grytsyk⁵, Andriy Grytsyk⁵, Jaan Liira⁶, Ain Raal^1,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.12, pp. 3991-4019, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.074153 - 29 December 2025

Abstract Gilia capitata Sims (Polemoniaceae) is an annual herbaceous plant widely distributed in western North America and cultivated as an ornamental flower. The detailed chemical composition and pharmacological properties of this plant have not been previously reported. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of aqueous-ethanolic extracts derived from different plant parts (herb, flowers, stems, roots, and fruits). HPLC analysis identified 12 phenolic compounds and 16 amino acids in the aqueous-ethanolic extracts obtained from these plant parts. The biological effects of the extracts were evaluated in vitro, including cytotoxicity, anti-inflammatory response, and wound-healing potential.… More >

Young Mae Ko, Tae Hyon Kim^*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.7, pp. 1141-1168, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.065464 - 25 July 2025

Abstract Ginsenosides, the bioactive saponins primary found in Panax ginseng, possess a complex structure that underlies their diverse pharmacological properties. Ginsenoside Rg3 stands out for its broad therapeutic potential, including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and cardiovascular effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of Rg3, emphasizing its roles in regulating apoptosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic pathways relevant to skincare and anticancer applications. The unique biological activities of its isomeric forms, 20(S)-Rg3 and 20(R)-Rg3, are highlighted, alongside strategies to enhance its bioavailability, such as nanoencapsulation and prodrug design. Additionally, the synergistic effects More >

Ammar Attar^*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.4, pp. 1225-1237, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.063207 - 30 April 2025

Abstract Artemisia dracunculus L., or tarragon, is a perennial herb from the Asteraceae family that is extensively cultivated for its aromatic leaves, which are valued for its preventative and therapeutic properties in both cookery and traditional medicine. This study aims to investigate the antibacterial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of A. dracunculus (tarragon) essential oil (ADEO), with estragole (57.23%) identified as the major compound through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. ADEO exhibited varying degrees of antibacterial activity, with Escherichia coli showing higher resistance (inhibition zone (IZ) = 14.7 ± 0.58 mm, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) = 2% and minimum bactericidal… More >

Giuseppe Carota¹, Lucia Di Pietro^2,3, Vincenzo Cardaci⁴, Anna Privitera^1,2, Francesco Bellia¹, Valentina Di Pietro⁵, Giuseppe Lazzarino¹, Barbara Tavazzi⁶, Angela Maria Amorini¹, Giacomo Lazzarino⁶, Giuseppe Caruso^6,7,*

BIOCELL, Vol.49, No.4, pp. 563-578, 2025, DOI:10.32604/biocell.2025.062176 - 30 April 2025

Abstract Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring endogenous peptide widely distributed in excitable tissues, such as the heart and brain. Over the years, several beneficial effects of carnosine have been discussed well in scientific literature. In particular, this dipeptide is well-known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aggregation activities. It is of great interest in the context of numerous systemic and neurodegenerative diseases, besides performing important “side activities” such as metal chelation and pH-buffering. Despite a plethora of preclinical and clinical data supporting carnosine’s therapeutic potential, researchers are still searching for new pharmacological targets that better highlight More >

Chen Chen^#,*, Chunli Li^#, Tengfei Li, Qianhong Li, Luyao Li, Fengqin Liu

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 793-807, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.063549 - 31 March 2025

Abstract Lycium ruthenicum Murray, a plant widely cultivated in northwestern China, is integral to traditional Chinese medicine, with applications in treating menstrual disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and menopausal symptoms. Despite its recognized medicinal value and use as a functional food, comprehensive knowledge of its metabolites and their pharmacological effects remains limited. This study presents an innovative approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTOF/MS) to conduct a detailed analysis of both wild and cultivated L. ruthenicum samples. A total of 62 peaks were detected in the total ion current profile, with 59 metabolites identified based… More >

Mohamed reda Kachmar^1,2, Toufik Bouddine³, Abdelaziz Ed-dra^4,5, Safaâ Kachmar⁶, Hammou Anarghou^7,8, Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser⁹, Fahad M. Alshabrmi¹⁰, Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli^11,*, Emad M. Abdallah^12,*, Nidal Naceiri Mrabti¹³, Abdelmounaim Laabar¹⁴, Mourad Chikhaoui¹⁵, Galman Aziz^1,4, Lhoussain Hajji³, Said Chakir²

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.94, No.3, pp. 657-677, 2025, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2025.062289 - 31 March 2025

Abstract Juniperus oxycedrus (J. oxycedrus) is a traditional culinary spice and medicinal herb with a longstanding history of ethnopharmacological applications across diverse cultures. While prior research has explored the biological activities and phytochemical constituents of extracts derived from its leaves and seed cones, the present study systematically investigates their mineral and phenolic profiles alongside their multifunctional bioactive potential. Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) analysis revealed a substantial abundance of essential macro- and microelements. Reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) further identified high concentrations of phenolic acids (e.g., p-coumaric acid) and flavonoids (e.g., rutin and quercetin). The extracts exhibited More >