W. M. Faizal^1,*, C. Y. Khor¹, Muhammad Nooramin Che Yaakob¹, N. N. N. Ghazali², M. Z. Zainon², Norliza Binti Ibrahim³, Roziana Mohd Razi⁴

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.136, No.1, pp. 43-61, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.022716

Abstract This paper aims to investigate and present the numerical investigation of airflow characteristics using Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) to characterize the upper airway with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) under inhale and exhale breathing conditions. The importance of TKE under both breathing conditions is that it show an accurate method in expressing the severity of flow in sleep disorder. Computational fluid dynamics simulate the upper airway’s airflow via steady-state Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) with k–ω shear stress transport (SST) turbulence model. The three-dimensional (3D) airway model is created based on the CT scan images of an actual patient, meshed with 1.29 million… More > Graphic Abstract

G. Ravikumar¹, K. Venkatachalam², Mohammed A. AlZain³, Mehedi Masud⁴, Mohamed Abouhawwash^5,6,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.44, No.1, pp. 945-959, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.024605

Abstract Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a breathing disorder while a person is asleep. The traditional method for examining SAS is Polysomnography (PSG). The standard procedure of PSG requires complete overnight observation in a laboratory. PSG typically provides accurate results, but it is expensive and time consuming. However, for people with Sleep apnea (SA), available beds and laboratories are limited. Resultantly, it may produce inaccurate diagnosis. Thus, this paper proposes the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) framework with a machine learning concept of fully connected neural network (FCNN) with k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) classifier. This paper describes smart monitoring of a patient’s… More >

W. M. Faizal^1,2, N. N. N. Ghazali^2,*, C. Y. Khor¹, M. Z. Zainon², Irfan Anjum Badruddin^3,4,*, Sarfaraz Kamangar⁴, Norliza Binti Ibrahim⁵, Roziana Mohd Razi⁶

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.128, No.2, pp. 583-604, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2021.015549

Abstract Background: Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleeping disorder that has troubled a sizeable population. There is an active area of research on obstructive sleep apnea that intends to better understand airflow behaviors and therefore treat patients more effectively. This paper aims to investigate the airflow characteristics of the upper airway in an obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patient under light and heavy breathing conditions by using Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE), an accurate method in expressing the flow concentration mechanisms of sleeping disorders. It is important to visualize the concentration of flow in the upper airway in order to identify the severity… More >

Xiaolong Yang¹, Xin Yu¹, Liangbo Xie^1,*, Hao Xue², Mu Zhou¹, Qing Jiang¹

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.69, No.2, pp. 2793-2806, 2021, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2021.016298

Abstract To address the limitations of traditional sleep monitoring methods that highly rely on sleeping posture without considering sleep apnea, an intelligent apnea monitoring system is designed based on commodity WiFi in this paper. By utilizing linear fitting and wavelet transform, the phase error of channel state information (CSI) of the receiving antenna is eliminated, and the noise of the signal amplitude is removed. Moreover, the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and sliding window method are combined to segment received wireless signals. Finally, several important statistical characteristics are extracted, and a back propagation (BP) neural network model is built to identify apnea… More >

D. Venugopal¹, T. Jayasankar^2,*, N. Krishnaraj³, S. Venkatraman⁴, N. B. Prakash⁵, G. R. Hemalakshmi⁵

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.28, No.1, pp. 27-38, 2021, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2021.015205

Abstract Comprehensive evaluation of common complex diseases associated with common gene mutations is currently a hot area of human genome research into causative new developments. A multi-fractal analysis of the genome is performed by placing the entire DNA sequence into smaller fragments and using the chaotic game representation and systematic methods to calculate the general dimensional spectrum of each fragment. This is a time consuming process as it uses floating point to represent large data sets and requires processing time. The proposed Regressive Multi-Array Deep Neural Classifier (RMDNC) system is implemented to reduce the computation time, it is called a polymorphic… More >

N. Kins Burk Sunil^{1, *}, R. Ganesan², B. Sankaragomathi³

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.118, No.2, pp. 351-375, 2019, DOI:10.31614/cmes.2018.04484

Abstract Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a respiratory syndrome that occurs due to insufficient airflow through the respiratory or respiratory arrest while sleeping and sometimes due to the reduced oxygen saturation. The aim of this paper is to analyze the respiratory signal of a person to detect the Normal Breathing Activity and the Sleep Apnea (SA) activity. In the proposed method, the time domain and frequency domain features of respiration signal obtained from the PPG device are extracted. These features are applied to the Classification and Regression Tree (CART)-Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) classifier which classifies the signal into normal breathing signal… More >

Zhiguo Zhang^1,*, Zhenxiao Li², Yifei Zhang³, Zhenze Wang⁴, Minzhou Luo¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.117, No.2, pp. 157-167, 2018, DOI:10.31614/cmes.2018.04067

Abstract OSAHS (Obstructive Sleep Apnea Hypopnea Syndrome) is a respiratory disease mainly characterized by limited and repeated pauses of breathing in sleep. Currently, the optimal treatment is to apply CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) ventilation on the upper airway of the patient through a household respiratory machine. However, if the ventilator mask is designed improperly, it might cause the residue and repeated inhalation of CO₂, which will exert an adverse impact on the therapeutic effect. Present research numerically analyzed the CO₂ transportation inside a commercial ventilator mask (Mirage SoftGel, ResMed, Australia) based on the reconstructed 3D numerical model of a volunteer's… More >