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  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Development and Characterization of the Midrib of Coconut Palm Leaf Reinforced Polyester Composite

    Neeraj Dubey1, Geeta Agnihotri1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.45, No.1, pp. 39-56, 2015, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2015.045.039

    Abstract In this paper, midrib of coconut palm leaves (MCL) was investigated for the purpose of development of natural fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites. A new natural fiber composite as MCL/polyester is developed by the hand lay-up method, and the material and mechanical properties of the fiber, matrix and composite materials were evaluated. The effect of fiber content on the tensile, flexural, impact, compressive strength and heat distortion temperature (HDT) was investigated. It was found that the MCL fiber had the maximum tensile strength, tensile modulus flexural strength, flexural modulus and Izod impact strength of 177.5MPa, 14.85GPa, 316.04MPa and 23.54GPa, 8.23KJ/m2More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Mechanical Analysis of 3D Composite Materials by Hybrid Boundary Node Method

    Yu Miao1, Zhe Chen1, Qiao Wang1,2, Hongping Zhu1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.43, No.1, pp. 49-74, 2014, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2014.043.049

    Abstract In this paper, an improved multi-domain model based on the hybrid boundary node method (Hybrid BNM) is proposed for mechanical analysis of 3D composites. The Hybrid BNM is a boundary type meshless method which based on the modified variational principle and the Moving Least Squares (MLS) approximation. The improved multi-domain model can reduce the total degrees of freedom (DOFs) compared with the conventional multi-domain solver. It is very suitable for the inclusion-based composites, especially for the composites when the inclusions are solid and totally embedded in the matrix domain. Numerical examples are presented to verify the improved multi-domain model and… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Design, Fabrication, Characterization and Simulation of PIP-SiC/SiC Composites

    S. Zhao1, Zichun Yang1,2, X. G. Zhou3, X. Z. Ling4, L. S. Mora5, D. Khoshkhou6, J. Marrow5

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.42, No.2, pp. 103-124, 2014, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2014.042.103

    Abstract Continuous SiC fiber reinforced SiC matrix composites (SiC/SiC) have been studied and developed for high temperature and fusion applications. Polymer impregnation and pyrolysis (PIP) is a conventional technique for fabricating SiC/SiC composites. In this research, KD-1 SiC fibers were employed as reinforcements, a series of coatings such as pyrocarbon (PyC), SiC and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized as interphases, PCS and LPVCS were used as precursors and SiC/SiC composites were prepared via the PIP method. The mechanical properties of the SiC/SiC composites were characterized. Relationship between the interphase shear strength and the fracture toughness of the composites was established. X-ray… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Investigation of the Embedded Element Technique for ModellingWavy CNT Composites

    Anna Y. Matveeva1, Helmut J. Böhm2, Grygoriy Kravchenko2, Ferrie W. J. van Hattum1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.42, No.1, pp. 1-23, 2014, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2014.042.001

    Abstract This paper presents a comparison of different finite element approaches to modelling polymers reinforced with wavy, hollow fibres with the aim of predicting the effective elastic stiffness tensors of the composites. The waviness of the tubes is described by sinusoidal models with different amplitude-to-wavelength parameters. These volume elements are discretized by structured volume meshes onto which fibres in the form of independently meshed beam, shell or volume elements are superimposed. An embedded element technique is used to link the two sets of meshes. Reference solutions are obtained from conventional three-dimensional volume models of the same phase arrangements. Periodicity boundary conditions… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Numerical Modeling of Failure Mechanism for SiC Particle Reinforced Metal-Metrix Composites

    Qiubao Ouyang1, Di Zhang1,2, Xinhai Zhu3, Zhidong Han3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.41, No.1, pp. 37-54, 2014, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2014.041.037

    Abstract The present work is to investigate the failure mechanisms in the deformation of silicon carbide (SiC) particle reinforced aluminum Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs). To better deal with crack growth, a new numerical approach: the MLPG-Eshelby Method is used. This approach is based on the meshless local weak-forms of the Noether/Eshelby Energy Conservation Laws and it achieves a faster convergent rate and is of good accuracy. In addition, it is much easier for this method to allow material to separate in the material fracture processes, comparing to the conventional popular FEM based method. Based on a statistical method and physical observations,… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Multiscale Progressive Failure Modeling Methodology for Composites That Includes Fiber Strength Stochastics

    Trenton M. Ricks1, Thomas E. Lacy, Jr.1,2, Brett A. Bednarcyk3, Steven M.Arnold3, John W. Hutchins1

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.40, No.2, pp. 99-130, 2014, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2014.040.099

    Abstract A multiscale modeling methodology was developed for continuous fiber composites that incorporates a statistical distribution of fiber strengths into coupled multiscale micromechanics/ finite element (FE) analyses. A modified twoparameter Weibull cumulative distribution function, which accounts for the effect of fiber length on the probability of failure, was used to characterize the statistical distribution of fiber strengths. A parametric study using the NASA Micromechanics Analysis Code with the Generalized Method of Cells (MAC/GMC) was performed to assess the effect of variable fiber strengths on local composite failure within a repeating unit cell (RUC) and subsequent global failure. The NASA code FEAMAC… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Toughening Mechanisms in Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Amorphous Carbon Matrix Composites

    J.B. Niu1, L.L. Li2, Q. Xu1, Z.H. Xia1,3

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.38, No.1, pp. 31-41, 2013, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2013.038.031

    Abstract Crack deflection and penetration at the interface of multi-wall carbon nanotube/amorphous carbon composites were studied via molecular dynamics simulations. In-situ strength of double-wall nanotubes bridging a matrix crack was calculated under various interfacial conditions. The structure of the nanotube reinforcement -ideal multi-wall vs. multi-wall with interwall sp3 bonding - influences the interfacial sliding and crack penetration. When the nanotube/matrix interface is strong, matrix crack penetrates the outermost layer of nanotubes but it deflects within the nanotubes with certain sp3 interwall bond density, resulting in inner wall pullout. With increasing the sp3 interwall bond density, the fracture mode becomes brittle; the… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    A Damage-Mode Based Three Dimensional Constitutive Model for Fibre-Reinforced Composites

    M. Chatiri1, A. Matzenmiller2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.35, No.3, pp. 255-283, 2013, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2013.035.255

    Abstract This article presents a three dimensional constitutive model for anisotropic damage to describe the elastic-brittle behavior of unidirectional fibrereinforced laminated composites. The primary objective of the article focuses on the three dimensional relationship between damage of the material and the effective elastic properties for the purpose of stress analysis of composite structures, in extension to the two dimensional model in Matzenmiller, Lubliner and Taylor (1995). A homogenized continuum is adopted for the constitutive theory of anisotropic damage and elasticity. Damage initiation criteria are based on Puck failure criterion for first ply failure and progressive micro crack propagation is based on… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Investigation of Progressive Damage and Fracture in Laminated Composites Using the Smeared Crack Approach

    Christian Heinrich1, Anthony M. Waas2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.35, No.2, pp. 155-181, 2013, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2013.035.155

    Abstract The smeared crack approach (SCA) is revisited to describe post-peak softening in laminated composite materials. First, predictions of the SCA are compared against linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) based predictions for the debonding of an adhesively bonded double cantilever beam. A sensitivity analysis is performed to establish the influence of element size and cohesive strength on the load-deflection response. The SCA is further validated by studying the in-plane fracture of a laminated composite in a single edge bend test configuration. In doing so, issues related to mesh size and their effects (or non-effects) are discussed and compared against other predictive… More >

  • Open Access

    ARTICLE

    Finite Element Analysis of Delamination inWoven Composites under Quasi-Static Indentation

    M. C. Song1, B.V. Sankar1, G. Subhash1, C. F. Yen2

    CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.35, No.1, pp. 67-85, 2013, DOI:10.3970/cmc.2013.035.067

    Abstract Delamination initiation and propagation in plain woven laminates and 3D orthogonal woven composites during short beam shear (SBS) test were analyzed using finite element (FE) analyses. Two kinds of 3D woven composites, containing single z-yarns and double z-yarns, were considered. The FE models were guided by experimental observations from SBS tests for the same material systems. A series of mechanisms including creation and evolution of matrix cracks and delaminations were modeled discretely. The force-displacement curves obtained from the FE simulations were compared with those from experiments. Further parametric studies were conducted to investigate the effects of z-yarns and interlaminar fracture… More >

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