Mengxuan Shi¹, Lintao Li², Dejun Shao¹, Xiaojie Pan¹, Xingyu Shi^2,*, Yuxun Wang²

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069915 - 27 December 2025

Abstract In wind power transmission via modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current (MMC-HVDC) systems, under traditional control strategies, MMC-HVDC cannot provide inertia support to the receiving-end grid (REG) during disturbances. Moreover, due to the frequency decoupling between the two ends of the MMC-HVDC, the sending-end wind farm (SEWF) cannot obtain the frequency variation information of the REG to provide inertia response. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel coordinated source-network-storage inertia control strategy based on wind power transmission via MMC-HVDC system. First, the grid-side MMC station (GS-MMC) maps the frequency variations of the REG to… More >

Yechun Xin¹, Xinyuan Zhao¹, Dong Ding², Shuyu Chen², Chuanjie Wang², Tuo Wang^1,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069748 - 27 December 2025

Abstract To enhance power flow regulation in scenarios involving large-scale renewable energy transmission via high-voltage direct current (HVDC) links and multi-infeed DC systems in load-center regions, this paper proposes a hybrid modular multilevel converter–capacitor-commutated line-commutated converter (MMC-CLCC) HVDC transmission system and its corresponding control strategy. First, the system topology is constructed, and a submodule configuration method for the MMC—combining full-bridge submodules (FBSMs) and half-bridge submodules (HBSMs)—is proposed to enable direct power flow reversal. Second, a hierarchical control strategy is introduced, including MMC voltage control, CLCC current control, and a coordination mechanism, along with the derivation of… More >

Zhuang Liu^#, Mingwei Ren, Kai Shi^*, Peifeng Xu

Energy Engineering, Vol.123, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.069480 - 27 December 2025

Abstract Grid-Forming (GFM) converters are prone to fault-induced overcurrent and power angle instability during grid fault-induced voltage sags. To address this, this paper develops a multi-loop coordinated fault ride-through (FRT) control strategy based on a power outer loop and voltage-current inner loops, aiming to enhance the stability and current-limiting capability of GFM converters during grid fault conditions. During voltage sags, the GFM converter’s voltage source behavior is maintained by dynamically adjusting the reactive power reference to provide voltage support, thereby effectively suppressing the steady-state component of the fault current. To address the active power imbalance induced… More >

Acácio M. R. Amaral^1,2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.85, No.2, pp. 3825-3859, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.067179 - 23 September 2025

Abstract Power converters are essential components in modern life, being widely used in industry, automation, transportation, and household appliances. In many critical applications, their failure can lead not only to financial losses due to operational downtime but also to serious risks to human safety. The capacitors forming the output filter, typically aluminum electrolytic capacitors (AECs), are among the most critical and susceptible components in power converters. The electrolyte in AECs often evaporates over time, causing the internal resistance to rise and the capacitance to drop, ultimately leading to component failure. Detecting this fault requires measuring the… More >

Ziqiang Man¹, Lei Zhao², Zheng Tao¹, Shiming Cheng², Wei Yan¹, Gaoyue Zhong¹, Yu Lu¹, Wenming Zhang³, Li Zhang^3,*

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.9, pp. 3555-3572, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.067027 - 26 August 2025

Abstract With the rapid integration of renewable energy sources, modern power systems are increasingly challenged by heightened volatility and uncertainty. Doubly-fed variable-speed pumped storage units (DFVS-PSUs) have emerged as promising technologies for mitigating grid oscillations and enhancing system flexibility. However, the excitation converters in DFVS-PSUs are prone to significant issues such as elevated common-mode voltage (CMV) and neutral-point voltage (NPV) fluctuations, which can lead to electromagnetic interference and degrade transient performance. To address these challenges, an optimized virtual space vector pulse width modulation (OVSVPWM) strategy is proposed, aiming to suppress CMV and NPV simultaneously through coordinated… More >

Lingfang Li^1,2, Weijian Hu², Mingxing Luo^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.84, No.3, pp. 5915-5935, 2025, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2025.064349 - 30 July 2025

Abstract Neural machine translation (NMT) has been widely applied to high-resource language pairs, but its dependence on large-scale data results in poor performance in low-resource scenarios. In this paper, we propose a transfer-learning-based approach called shared space transfer for zero-resource NMT. Our method leverages a pivot pre-trained language model (PLM) to create a shared representation space, which is used in both auxiliary source→pivot (Ms2p) and pivot→target (Mp2t) translation models. Specifically, we exploit pivot PLM to initialize the Ms2p decoder and Mp2t encoder, while adopting a freezing strategy during the training process. We further propose a feature… More >

Ning Jia¹, Xiangnan Wang^1,*, Linsheng Han², Hainan Xia¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.6, pp. 2389-2400, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.064891 - 29 May 2025

Abstract With the depletion of fossil fuels and increasing environmental concerns, the development of renewable energy, such as wave energy, has become a critical component of global energy strategies. However, challenges persist in the field testing methodologies for wave energy converters (WECs). In this paper, a numerical wave field of the Dawanshan Island Sea Area in Zhuhai City is constructed based on the MIKE21 SW wave model and by using an NCEP wind field driving model. In conjunction with the IEC-62600-100 standard, by taking site testing of the “Wanshan” wave energy converter on which a sea… More >

Ricky Alfian Dita¹, Sudirman Palaloi^2,*, Rezi Delfianti¹, Catur Harsito³, Muhammad Nevandra Fithra Pangestu¹, Deo Ferdi Ramadhan¹, Tovva Firdansyah Amijaya¹, Farhan Mudzaffar¹, Dimas Raka Buana Putra¹

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.6, pp. 2355-2370, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.064134 - 29 May 2025

Abstract Efficient battery charging requires a power conversion system capable of providing precise voltage regulation tailored to the battery’s needs. This study develops a buck converter with a 36 V input for charging a 14 V battery using the Constant Voltage (CV) method. The system is designed to ensure safe and efficient charging while protecting the battery from overcharging and extending its lifespan. In the proposed design, the converter maintains a constant output voltage while the charging current decreases as the battery approaches full capacity. Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used as a control strategy to… More >

Ziyi Wang^1,2, Sen Li^1,2,*, Xiaolin Wei^1,2, Jing Zhao¹, Bo Li¹, Yuan Yao¹

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.23, No.1, pp. 163-184, 2025, DOI:10.32604/fhmt.2024.059740 - 26 February 2025

Abstract In the novel fully dry converter gas recovery process, a novel circumfluent cyclone separator with an evaporation heating surface can simultaneously realize the dust removal and sensible heat recovery of converter gas. For this equipment, the distributions of internal flow and wall heat transfer affect the efficiency of dust removal and sensible heat recovery. In this study, based on on-site operation tests, the distributions of internal flow and wall heat transfer in the circumfluent cyclone separator are studied by numerical simulation. The results indicate that the flow rate proportions in different regions of the circumfluent More >

Wei Chen, Xin Gao^*, Zhanhong Wei, Xusheng Yang, Zhao Li

Energy Engineering, Vol.122, No.2, pp. 805-821, 2025, DOI:10.32604/ee.2025.059779 - 31 January 2025

Abstract This paper deeply introduces a brand-new research method for the synchronous characteristics of DC microgrid bus voltage and an improved synchronous control strategy. This method mainly targets the problem of bus voltage oscillation caused by the bifurcation behavior of DC microgrid converters. Firstly, the article elaborately establishes a mathematical model of a single distributed power source with hierarchical control. On this basis, a small-world network model that can better adapt to the topology structure of DC microgrids is further constructed. Then, a voltage synchronization analysis method based on the main stability function is proposed, and… More >