Zahid Khorshid Abbas^1,#, Anjana Singh^2,#, Mirza Sarwar Baig³, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi⁴, Yussri M. Mahrous⁵, Naif Abdulrhman Zabin Alnefiei¹, Moawia Mukhtar Hassan¹, M. Nasir Khan⁶, Zahid Hameed Siddiqui^1,7,*, Md Salik Noorani^2,*

Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany, Vol.95, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/phyton.2026.076432 - 28 April 2026

Abstract Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is among the most widespread plant viruses, infecting over a thousand plant species, including Catharanthus roseus, a medicinal plant valued for producing the anticancer alkaloids vincristine and vinblastine. Despite its economic significance, genomic information on CMV infecting C. roseus in India has been lacking. In this study, we employed small RNA deep sequencing integrated with advanced bioinformatics to generate the first complete genome of CMV infecting C. roseus in India, followed by validation through RT-PCR and Sanger sequencing. The reconstructed tripartite CMV genome encodes replication, silencing suppressor, movement, and coat proteins, consistent with known More > Graphic Abstract

Jaeseung Lee¹, Jehyeok Rew^2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.147, No.1, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.076888 - 27 April 2026

Abstract The engine serves as the primary component that generates power and drives vehicle movement. Given its critical role, accurately diagnosing engine faults is essential for ensuring vehicle safety and reliability. Recent advances in machine learning (ML) have enabled the development of artificial intelligence (AI)-based diagnostic models with strong predictive performance. However, the lack of transparency in these models constrains user confidence in their diagnostic outcomes. While explainable AI (XAI) methods such as local interpretable model-agnostic explanations (LIME) and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) have been introduced to improve interpretability, their reliance on visual outputs requires manual… More >

Milan Sága, Ján Minárik^*, Milan Vaško, Jaroslav Majko

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.146, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.076734 - 30 March 2026

Abstract The presented study analyses the impact of hysteresis on the response of mechanical systems. The main objective is to determine how the hysteretic models influence the system behaviour and if they can be utilised to describe a damaged or a faulty system. The hysteretic models are able to describe various types of nonlinear behaviour that can reflect the wear or damage of the system components. The data obtained from these models can possibly serve as a basis for the advanced approaches, such as digital twin modelling and predictive maintenance. All the results presented in this… More >

Saira Ali Bhatti¹, Maqbool Khan^2,*, Arshad Ahmad³, Muhammad Shahid Anwar⁴, Leila Jamel⁵, Aisha M. Mashraqi⁶, Wadee Alhalabi^7,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.146, No.3, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2026.074688 - 30 March 2026

Abstract Medical imaging is essential in modern health care, allowing accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning. These images, however, often demonstrate low contrast, noise, and brightness distortion that reduce their diagnostic reliability. This review presents a structured and comprehensive analysis of advanced histogram equalization (HE)-based techniques for medical image enhancement. Our review methodology encompasses: (1) classical HE approaches and related limitations in medical domains; (2) adaptive schemes like Adaptive Histogram Equalization (AHE) and Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogrma Equalization (CLAHE) and their advance variants; (3) brightness-preserving schemes like BBHE and MMBEBHE and related algorithms; (4) dynamic and More > Graphic Abstract

Jiaxi Li^#, Deepak Iyer^#, Siming Sui, Zheng Huang, Ryan Wai-Yan Sin, Abraham Tak-Ka Man, Wai-Lun Law, Chi-Chung Foo^*, Lui Ng^*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.074981 - 23 March 2026

Abstract Objectives: Piwi-associated RNAs are small non-coding RNAs implicated in cancer, yet few have been characterized in colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to identify a CRC-related piRNA and investigate its clinical relevance, biological function, and biomarker potential. Methods: Candidates were identified by reanalysis of small-RNA sequencing. piR-37524 was quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in colorectal cancer tissues, matched adjacent non-tumor tissues, colorectal adenomas, liver metastases, and serum samples from patients and healthy controls. Clinicopathological correlations and diagnostic performance were evaluated. Functional assays included 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) proliferation, colony formation, and wound-healing migration… More >

Sophiette G. Hong^1,2, George F. Murphy², Christine G. Lian^2,*

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.073894 - 23 March 2026

Abstract Malignant melanoma (MM) is a highly aggressive skin cancer known for its rapid progression, potential for metastasis, and resistance to treatment. Despite advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapy, the prognosis for metastatic melanoma remains unfavorable. Recent research has shed light on the significance of epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of melanoma, revealing critical mechanisms of melanoma development and progression. Epigenetic modifications, including DNA and RNA modifications, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNA regulation, disrupt normal gene expression without modifying the DNA sequence, leading to cellular transformation, invasion, immune evasion, and therapeutic resistance. The reversible… More >

Antonio Ruggiero^1,2,*, Fernando Fuccillo¹, Valerio Di Paola³, Alberto Romano¹, Palma Maurizi^1,2, Dario Talloa¹, Nazario Foschi⁴, Pierluigi Russo⁴, Marco Racioppi⁴, Stefano Mastrangelo^1,2, Giorgio Attinà¹

Oncology Research, Vol.34, No.4, 2026, DOI:10.32604/or.2026.072807 - 23 March 2026

Abstract Background: The management of renal neoplasms in adolescent patients poses unique clinical challenges due to their transitional position between paediatric and adult populations. This age group exhibits marked heterogeneity in tumour histology, ranging from entities commonly observed in paediatric oncology to tumours typical of adult age, as well as rare histological subtypes that exceptionally affect the kidney. Given the substantial differences in clinical protocols between paediatric and adult populations, rigorous multidisciplinary evaluation is essential to determine optimal diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for adolescent patients. Case Description: We present four cases from our tertiary referral centre that… More >

Sara Tehsin^1,*, Muhammad John Abbas², Inzamam Mashood Nasir¹, Fadwa Alrowais³, Reham Abualhamayel⁴, Abdulsamad Ebrahim Yahya⁵, Radwa Marzouk⁶

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.076515 - 12 March 2026

Abstract Globally, diabetes and glaucoma account for a high number of people suffering from severe vision loss and blindness. To treat these vision disorders effectively, proper diagnosis must occur in a timely manner, and with conventional methods such as fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), and slit-lamp imaging, much depends on an expert’s interpretation of the images, making the systems very labor-intensive to operate. Moreover, clinical settings face difficulties with inter-observer variability and limited scalability with these diagnostic devices. To solve these problems, we have developed the Efficient Channel-Spatial Attention Network (ECSA-Net), a new deep learning-based… More >

Pablo Guillén¹, Enrique Frias-Martinez^2,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.87, No.2, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2026.076400 - 12 March 2026

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis and prognosis increasingly rely on machine learning (ML) models. Although these models provide good results, clinical adoption is limited by the need for technical expertise and the lack of trustworthy and consistent model explanations. SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) is commonly used to interpret AD models, but existing studies tend to focus on explanations for isolated tasks, providing little evidence about their robustness across disease stages, model architectures, or prediction objectives. This paper proposes a multi-level explainability framework that measures the coherence, stability and consistency of explanations by integrating: (1) within-model coherence… More >

Marco Di Mitri^1,2,*, Edoardo Collautti^1,2, Cristian Bisanti³, Andrea Zulli¹, Alberto Mantovani¹, Annalisa Di Carmine³, Michelangelo Baldazzi⁴, Roberto Lo Piccolo¹, Riccardo Coletta^1,5, Lorenzo Masieri⁶, Mario Lima³

Canadian Journal of Urology, Vol.33, No.1, pp. 185-192, 2026, DOI:10.32604/cju.2025.067303 - 28 February 2026

Abstract Background: Double blind-ending ureter (DBU) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly involving a duplicated ureter with no connection to the renal pelvis or bladder, making diagnosis difficult. Case Description: A 10-year-old girl presented with recurrent abdominal pain and ultrasound evidence of left hydroureteronephrosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction revealed a 30 cm blind-ending ureter. Robotic-assisted excision (Da Vinci Xi) was performed safely, preserving adjacent structures. Histology confirmed a nonfunctional ureteral remnant. Conclusions: DBU is a rare duplication variant. Advanced imaging and robotic surgery are essential for accurate diagnosis and effective, minimally invasive treatment. More >