M. Muthukumar¹, Rajasekar Rangasamy², Irshad Hussain^3,4, Salman A. AlQahtani^4,*

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.37, No.1, pp. 1111-1127, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.034369 - 29 April 2023

Abstract The purpose of this article is to propose Stability-based Energy-Efficient Link-State Hybrid Routing (S-ELHR), a low latency routing protocol that aims to provide a stable mechanism for routing in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The S-ELHR protocol selects a number of network nodes to create a Connected Dominating Set (CDS) using a parameter known as the Stability Metric (SM). The SM considers the node’s energy usage, connectivity time, and node’s degree. Only the highest SM nodes are chosen to form CDS. Each node declares a Willingness to indicate that it is prepared to serve as a… More >

Hanan Abdullah Mengash¹, Hamed Alqahtani², Mohammed Maray³, Mohamed K. Nour⁴, Radwa Marzouk¹, Mohammed Abdullah Al-Hagery⁵, Heba Mohsen⁶, Mesfer Al Duhayyim^7,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 4805-4820, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037810 - 29 April 2023

Abstract With the flexible deployment and high mobility of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in an open environment, they have generated considerable attention in military and civil applications intending to enable ubiquitous connectivity and foster agile communications. The difficulty stems from features other than mobile ad-hoc network (MANET), namely aerial mobility in three-dimensional space and often changing topology. In the UAV network, a single node serves as a forwarding, transmitting, and receiving node at the same time. Typically, the communication path is multi-hop, and routing significantly affects the network’s performance. A lot of effort should be invested… More >

Ummid I. Shaikh^a , Sonali Kale^b, Anirban Sur^c, Anindita Roy^c

Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol.20, pp. 1-10, 2023, DOI:10.5098/hmt.20.28

Abstract The requirement for sustainable development for buildings is to have environmentally friendly cooling and heating systems. The utilization of phase change materials (PCM) in the cooling system is a potential solution for minimizing active power requirements as well as for reducing the size of components of a vapor compression refrigeration VCR system. A prototype of an Air-PCM (T25™) heat exchanger was fabricated and tested in actual environmental conditions. Experimental trials using a salt hydrate as PCM have shown the maximum cooling effect of 2.05 kW when 75% of the PCM was solidified. Based on the More >

M. V. Narayana¹, Vadla Pradeep Kumar², Ashok Kumar Nanda^2,*, Hanumantha Rao Jalla³, Subba Reddy Chavva⁴

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.1, pp. 587-607, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.034773 - 06 February 2023

Abstract Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are subjected to attack detection for transmitting and creating new messages or existing message modifications. The attacker on another node evaluates the forging activity in the message directly or indirectly. Every node sends short packets in a MANET environment with its identifier, location on the map, and time through beacons. The attackers on the network broadcast the warning message using faked coordinates, providing the appearance of a network collision. Similarly, MANET degrades the channel utilization performance. Performance highly affects network performance through security algorithms. This paper developed a trust management… More >

V. Dinesh¹, S. Srinivasan², Gyanendra Prasad Joshi³, Woong Cho^4,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.1, pp. 687-699, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.035459 - 20 January 2023

Abstract In a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET), a massive quantity of data needs to be transmitted on a large scale in shorter time durations. At the same time, vehicles exhibit high velocity, leading to more vehicle disconnections. Both of these characteristics result in unreliable data communication in VANET. A vehicle clustering algorithm clusters the vehicles in groups employed in VANET to enhance network scalability and connection reliability. Clustering is considered one of the possible solutions for attaining effectual interaction in VANETs. But one such difficulty was reducing the cluster number under increasing transmitting nodes. This… More >

B. Annapoorani^*, P. Marikkannu

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.3, pp. 2659-2672, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.025075 - 21 December 2022

Abstract The adders are the vital arithmetic operation for any arithmetic operations like multiplication, subtraction, and division. Binary number additions are performed by the digital circuit known as the adder. In VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration), the full adder is a basic component as it plays a major role in designing the integrated circuits applications. To minimize the power, various adder designs are implemented and each implemented designs undergo defined drawbacks. The designed adder requires high power when the driving capability is perfect and requires low power when the delay occurred is more. To overcome such… More >

Sowjanya Ramisetty^1,2, Divya Anand², Kavita^3,*, Sahil Verma³, NZ Jhanjhi⁴, Mehedi Masud⁵, Mohammed Baz⁶

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.45, No.2, pp. 1971-1983, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2022.021924 - 03 November 2022

Abstract For achieving Energy-Efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), different schemes have been proposed which focuses only on reducing the energy consumption. A shortest path determines for the Base Station (BS), but fault tolerance and energy balancing gives equal importance for improving the network lifetime. For saving energy in WSNs, clustering is considered as one of the effective methods for Wireless Sensor Networks. Because of the excessive overload, more energy consumed by cluster heads (CHs) in a cluster based WSN to receive and aggregate the information from member sensor nodes and it leads to failure. For… More >

T. Shanmugapriya^1,*, Dr. K. Kousalya²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.36, No.1, pp. 879-894, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.032074 - 29 September 2022

Abstract The Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network of Sensor Nodes (SN) which adopt radio signals for communication amongst themselves. There is an increase in the prominence of WSN adaptability to emerging applications like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Data security, detection of faults, management of energy, collection and distribution of data, network protocol, network coverage, mobility of nodes, and network heterogeneity are some of the issues confronted by WSNs. There is not much published information on issues related to node mobility and management of energy at the time of aggregation… More >

Hemant Kumar Vijayvergia^1,*, Uma Shankar Modani²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.3, pp. 3227-3239, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.031357 - 17 August 2022

Abstract In wireless sensor network (WSN), the gateways which are placed far away from the base station (BS) forward the collected data to the BS through the gateways which are nearer to the BS. This leads to more energy consumption because the gateways nearer to the BS manages heavy traffic load. So, to overcome this issue, loads around the gateways are to be balanced by presenting energy efficient clustering approach. Besides, to enhance the lifetime of the network, optimal routing path is to be established between the source node and BS. For energy efficient load balancing… More >

Harish Gunigari^1,*, S. Chitra²

Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing, Vol.35, No.3, pp. 3557-3571, 2023, DOI:10.32604/iasc.2023.029155 - 17 August 2022

Abstract Real-time applications based on Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies quickly lead to the growth of an intelligent environment. Sensor nodes play an essential role in distributing information from networking and its transfer to the sinks. The ability of dynamical technologies and related techniques to be aided by data collection and analysis across the Internet of Things (IoT) network is widely recognized. Sensor nodes are low-power devices with low power devices, storage, and quantitative processing capabilities. The existing system uses the Artificial Immune System-Particle Swarm Optimization method to minimize the energy and improve the network’s lifespan.… More >