Turke Althobaiti^1,2, Yousef Sanjalawe^3,*, Naeem Ramzan⁴

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 453-469, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.039207

Abstract Flash Crowd attacks are a form of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack that is becoming increasingly difficult to detect due to its ability to imitate normal user behavior in Cloud Computing (CC). Botnets are often used by attackers to perform a wide range of DDoS attacks. With advancements in technology, bots are now able to simulate DDoS attacks as flash crowd events, making them difficult to detect. When it comes to application layer DDoS attacks, the Flash Crowd attack that occurs during a Flash Event is viewed as the most intricate issue. This is mainly because it can imitate… More >

Mesfer Al Duhayyim^1,*, Sidra Abbas², Abdullah Al Hejaili³, Natalia Kryvinska^4,*, Ahmad Almadhor⁵, Huma Mughal⁶

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 823-842, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.037488

Abstract : Cardiotocography (CTG) represents the fetus’s health inside the womb during labor. However, assessment of its readings can be a highly subjective process depending on the expertise of the obstetrician. Digital signals from fetal monitors acquire parameters (i.e., fetal heart rate, contractions, acceleration). Objective:: This paper aims to classify the CTG readings containing imbalanced healthy, suspected, and pathological fetus readings. Method:: We perform two sets of experiments. Firstly, we employ five classifiers: Random Forest (RF), Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost), Categorical Boosting (CatBoost), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM) without over-sampling to classify CTG readings into three categories:… More >

Mesfer Al Duhayyim^1,*, Sidra Abbas^2,*, Abdullah Al Hejaili³, Natalia Kryvinska⁴, Ahmad Almadhor⁵, Uzma Ghulam Mohammad⁶

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 413-429, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.037127

Abstract Stroke is a life-threatening disease usually due to blockage of blood or insufficient blood flow to the brain. It has a tremendous impact on every aspect of life since it is the leading global factor of disability and morbidity. Strokes can range from minor to severe (extensive). Thus, early stroke assessment and treatment can enhance survival rates. Manual prediction is extremely time and resource intensive. Automated prediction methods such as Modern Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), particularly those in Machine Learning (ML) area, are crucial for the early diagnosis and prognosis of stroke. Therefore, this research proposed an ensemble voting… More >

Mohamed Yacin Sikkandar^1,*, K. Hemalatha², M. Subashree³, S. Srinivasan⁴, Seifedine Kadry^5,6,7, Jungeun Kim⁸, Keejun Han⁹

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.47, No.1, pp. 873-889, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.035730

Abstract Recently, COVID-19 has posed a challenging threat to researchers, scientists, healthcare professionals, and administrations over the globe, from its diagnosis to its treatment. The researchers are making persistent efforts to derive probable solutions for managing the pandemic in their areas. One of the widespread and effective ways to detect COVID-19 is to utilize radiological images comprising X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scans. At the same time, the recent advances in machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) models show promising results in medical imaging. Particularly, the convolutional neural network (CNN) model can be applied to identifying abnormalities on chest radiographs.… More >

Sagheer Abbas¹, Shabib Aftab^1,2, Muhammad Adnan Khan^3,4, Taher M. Ghazal^5,6, Hussam Al Hamadi⁷, Chan Yeob Yeun^8,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 6083-6100, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.037933

Abstract The software engineering field has long focused on creating high-quality software despite limited resources. Detecting defects before the testing stage of software development can enable quality assurance engineers to concentrate on problematic modules rather than all the modules. This approach can enhance the quality of the final product while lowering development costs. Identifying defective modules early on can allow for early corrections and ensure the timely delivery of a high-quality product that satisfies customers and instills greater confidence in the development team. This process is known as software defect prediction, and it can improve end-product quality while reducing the cost… More >

Shabir Hussain¹, Muhammad Ayoub², Yang Yu¹, Junaid Abdul Wahid¹, Akmal Khan³, Dietmar P. F. Moller⁴, Hou Weiyan^1,*

CMC-Computers, Materials & Continua, Vol.75, No.3, pp. 5355-5377, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmc.2023.036779

Abstract As the COVID-19 pandemic swept the globe, social media platforms became an essential source of information and communication for many. International students, particularly, turned to Twitter to express their struggles and hardships during this difficult time. To better understand the sentiments and experiences of these international students, we developed the Situational Aspect-Based Annotation and Classification (SABAC) text mining framework. This framework uses a three-layer approach, combining baseline Deep Learning (DL) models with Machine Learning (ML) models as meta-classifiers to accurately predict the sentiments and aspects expressed in tweets from our collected Student-COVID-19 dataset. Using the proposed aspect2class annotation algorithm, we… More >

Ping-Huan Kuo^1,2, Ssu-Chi Chen¹, Chia-Ho Lee¹, Po-Chien Luan², Her-Terng Yau^1,2,*

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.137, No.1, pp. 319-343, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.026860

Abstract Numerous factors affect the increased temperature of a machine tool, including prolonged and high-intensity usage, tool-workpiece interaction, mechanical friction, and elevated ambient temperatures, among others. Consequently, spindle thermal displacement occurs, and machining precision suffers. To prevent the errors caused by the temperature rise of the Spindle from affecting the accuracy during the machining process, typically, the factory will warm up the machine before the manufacturing process. However, if there is no way to understand the tool spindle's thermal deformation, the machining quality will be greatly affected. In order to solve the above problem, this study aims to predict the thermal… More >

Joseph Bamidele Awotunde¹, Sanjay Misra^2,*, Vikash Katta², Oluwafemi Charles Adebayo¹

CMES-Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences, Vol.137, No.1, pp. 131-154, 2023, DOI:10.32604/cmes.2023.026812

Abstract The task of classifying opinions conveyed in any form of text online is referred to as sentiment analysis. The emergence of social media usage and its spread has given room for sentiment analysis in our daily lives. Social media applications and websites have become the foremost spring of data recycled for reviews for sentimentality in various fields. Various subject matter can be encountered on social media platforms, such as movie product reviews, consumer opinions, and testimonies, among others, which can be used for sentiment analysis. The rapid uncovering of these web contents contains divergence of many benefits like profit-making, which… More >

Shahid Mohammad Ganie¹, Pijush Kanti Dutta Pramanik², Majid Bashir Malik³, Anand Nayyar⁴, Kyung Sup Kwak^5,*

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.3, pp. 3993-4006, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.035244

Abstract Cardiovascular disease is among the top five fatal diseases that affect lives worldwide. Therefore, its early prediction and detection are crucial, allowing one to take proper and necessary measures at earlier stages. Machine learning (ML) techniques are used to assist healthcare providers in better diagnosing heart disease. This study employed three boosting algorithms, namely, gradient boost, XGBoost, and AdaBoost, to predict heart disease. The dataset contained heart disease-related clinical features and was sourced from the publicly available UCI ML repository. Exploratory data analysis is performed to find the characteristics of data samples about descriptive and inferential statistics. Specifically, it was… More >

A. M. Hafiz¹, M. Hassaballah^2,3,*, Abdullah Alqahtani³, Shtwai Alsubai³, Mohamed Abdel Hameed⁴

Computer Systems Science and Engineering, Vol.46, No.3, pp. 2651-2666, 2023, DOI:10.32604/csse.2023.031720

Abstract With the advent of Reinforcement Learning (RL) and its continuous progress, state-of-the-art RL systems have come up for many challenging and real-world tasks. Given the scope of this area, various techniques are found in the literature. One such notable technique, Multiple Deep Q-Network (DQN) based RL systems use multiple DQN-based-entities, which learn together and communicate with each other. The learning has to be distributed wisely among all entities in such a scheme and the inter-entity communication protocol has to be carefully designed. As more complex DQNs come to the fore, the overall complexity of these multi-entity systems has increased many… More >